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Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE): A Key Tool for Production
Efficiency
ABSTRACT
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a key tool in production management, essential for
assessing the overall efficiency of manufacturing equipment. Emerging from the Toyota Production
System (TPS) in the 1960s, OEE has become indispensable in the global manufacturing industry.
Nakajima (1988) introduced Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), the basis of OEE. Jonsson and
Lesshammar (1999) highlighted TPM as a competitive advantage, while Dal et al. (2000) analyzed
OEE as a measure of operational improvement. OEE is calculated by multiplying three factors:
availability, performance, and quality. Availability compares equipment operating time with total
available time. Performance measures production speed versus maximum capacity. Quality assesses
the proportion of good products. These factors combined provide an accurate measure of equipment
efficiency. The implementation of OEE has significantly improved efficiency and reduced downtime.
Companies such as Toyota have reported improvements in product quality and cost reduction. OEE
has evolved to include more detailed measurements and advanced analysis techniques, further
optimizing production processes. OEE is more than a measurable tool; it is a globally adopted
philosophy of continuous improvement. It provides a comprehensive view of equipment efficiency,
helping to identify areas for improvement and optimize processes. Furthermore, it has been integrated
with quality management, supply chain, and energy efficiency systems, enhancing companies' ability
to optimize operations and make informed decisions. The article uses a mixed-methods approach,
combining quantitative and qualitative elements for a comprehensive view of OEE. The research is
descriptive and explanatory, detailing the origin, evolution, advantages, and examples of OEE
implementation. The design is observational and cross-sectional, based on existing data without
manipulation of variables. OEE originated at Toyota in the 1960s, pioneered by Seiji Nakajima.
Initially, it was calculated by multiplying availability, performance, and quality. Its implementation at
Toyota improved efficiency and reduced downtime. Today, OEE continues to evolve, integrating
advanced technologies for more efficient production. In addition to OEE, other metrics such as Total
Effective Equipment Performance (TEEP) and Overall Operation Effectiveness (OOE) are crucial for
a complete assessment of operational efficiency. TEEP considers total production time, including
unscheduled shifts, while OOE focuses on unforeseen events within scheduled shifts. These metrics
complement OEE, providing a broader and more accurate view of operational efficiency, essential for
continuous optimization in the manufacturing industry.
Keywords: OEE, availability, performance, quality, production
Artículo recibido 18 abril 2025
Aceptado para publicación: 24 mayo 2025