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Neuroimmunodermatology: A New Frontier Between the Skin, the Nervous
System, and the Immune System
ABSTRACT
Introduction : Neuroimmunodermatology is an emerging discipline that investigates the bidirectional
interaction between the nervous, immune, and cutaneous systems. The neuroimmunocutaneous axis
(NICA) forms a functional network integrating neuroendocrine, immunologic, and sensory
mechanisms. Its dysregulation contributes to chronic inflammation, pruritus, and emotional alterations
in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
Objective: To describe the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and emerging
therapeutic strategies derived from the study of the neuroimmunocutaneous axis, highlighting its impact
on precision medicine and neuropsychoneuroimmunologic integration. Method: A structured narrative
review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases (2010–2025).
Clinical, experimental, and systematic studies addressing neuroimmune interactions in skin were
included, focusing on neuropeptides, cytokines, stress mediators, representative diseases (atopic
dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, neuropathic itch), and novel therapies (biologics, neuromodulation,
psychological interventions, artificial intelligence). Methodological quality was assessed through
PRISMA 2020 and SANRA guidelines. Results: Cross-activation between sensory fibers, mast cells,
keratinocytes, and dendritic cells triggers inflammatory cascades mediated by Substance P, CGRP, IL-
31, TSLP, and CRH. This neuroimmune circuit explains the link between cutaneous and psychological
symptoms. Novel approaches include IL-31RA, CGRP, and IL-4Rα blockade, vagal nerve stimulation,
TENS, mindfulness, and bioengineered innervated skin organoids integrated with artificial intelligence
tools.Conclusion: Neuroimmunodermatology redefines the skin as a neuroendocrine-immune organ and
establishes a conceptual framework for precision and integrative medicine. Understanding and
modulating the neuroimmune crosstalk represents a pivotal step toward holistic treatment of chronic
inflammatory dermatoses.
Keywords: neuroimmunology, skin, neuroimmunocutaneous axis, neuropeptides, pruritus
Artículo recibido: 02 setiembre 2025
Aceptado para publicación: 30 setiembre 2025