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Neuroimmunodermatology: A New Frontier Between the Skin, the Nervous 
System, and the Immune System 
 
ABSTRACT   
Introduction : Neuroimmunodermatology is an emerging discipline that investigates the bidirectional 
interaction between the nervous, immune, and cutaneous systems. The neuroimmunocutaneous axis 
(NICA)  forms  a  functional  network  integrating  neuroendocrine,  immunologic,  and  sensory 
mechanisms. Its dysregulation contributes to chronic inflammation, pruritus, and emotional alterations 
in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. 
Objective:  To  describe  the  pathophysiological  mechanisms,  clinical  implications,  and  emerging 
therapeutic strategies derived from the study of the neuroimmunocutaneous axis, highlighting its impact 
on precision medicine and neuropsychoneuroimmunologic integration. Method: A structured narrative 
review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases (2010–2025). 
Clinical,  experimental,  and  systematic  studies  addressing  neuroimmune  interactions  in  skin  were 
included,  focusing  on  neuropeptides,  cytokines,  stress  mediators,  representative  diseases  (atopic 
dermatitis,  psoriasis,  vitiligo,  neuropathic  itch),  and  novel  therapies  (biologics,  neuromodulation, 
psychological  interventions,  artificial  intelligence).  Methodological  quality  was  assessed  through 
PRISMA 2020 and SANRA guidelines. Results: Cross-activation between sensory fibers, mast cells, 
keratinocytes, and dendritic cells triggers inflammatory cascades mediated by Substance P, CGRP, IL-
31, TSLP, and CRH. This neuroimmune circuit explains the link between cutaneous and psychological 
symptoms. Novel approaches include IL-31RA, CGRP, and IL-4Rα blockade, vagal nerve stimulation, 
TENS, mindfulness, and bioengineered innervated skin organoids integrated with artificial intelligence 
tools.Conclusion: Neuroimmunodermatology redefines the skin as a neuroendocrine-immune organ and 
establishes  a  conceptual  framework  for  precision  and  integrative  medicine.  Understanding  and 
modulating the neuroimmune crosstalk represents a pivotal step toward holistic treatment of chronic 
inflammatory dermatoses. 
 
Keywords: neuroimmunology, skin, neuroimmunocutaneous axis, neuropeptides, pruritus 
 
Artículo recibido: 02 setiembre 2025  
Aceptado para publicación:  30  setiembre 2025