Estrategias de economía circular para la valorización de residuos en la agroindustria bananera: una revisión de alcance con implicaciones para el departamento del Magdalena, Colombia
Resumen
La agroindustria bananera genera volúmenes considerables de residuos orgánicos —cáscaras, pseudotallos, raquis e inflorescencias— que en muchos contextos se desechan sin aprovechamiento, generando impactos ambientales negativos. La economía circular ofrece un marco conceptual y operativo para transformar estos subproductos en insumos de valor mediante bioenergía, biofertilizantes, biomateriales, biorremediación y productos alimenticios o farmacéuticos. El presente artículo constituye una revisión de alcance (scoping review) cuyo objetivo es mapear y sintetizar las estrategias de economía circular implementadas a nivel internacional para la valorización de residuos bananeros, e identificar alternativas aplicables al departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Se analizaron 30 publicaciones científicas de 20 países, publicadas entre 2021 y 2026, recuperadas de las bases de datos Google Scholar y ScienceDirect, bajo criterios PRISMA-ScR 2020. Los resultados evidencian cinco grandes ejes de valorización: bioenergía (biogás, hidrochar, celdas de combustible microbiano), mejoramiento de suelos (compost, nanobiofertilizantes), biomateriales (fibras, bioplásticos, celulosa bacteriana, papel), biorremediación (adsorbentes de cromo y contaminantes emergentes) y compuestos bioactivos de alto valor. La producción de biogás por codigestión y el compostaje de cáscaras emergen como las alternativas con mayor madurez tecnológica. Se identifican vacíos críticos en viabilidad económica local, aprovechamiento del pseudotallo y análisis de ciclo de vida integrado para la agroindustria bananera magdalenense sostenible.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Antonio José Martínez Lengua , Valentina Yulieth Escobar De la Asunción, Wendy Lisney Angarita López, José Luis Lobo Díaz
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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