Influencias Anatómicas, Biomecánicas y Hormonales en el Riesgo de Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior en Mujeres: Evaluación del Impacto y Potencial Proteccion de los Anticonceptivos Orales
Resumen
Las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) son una preocupación común, especialmente entre las atletas femeninas, quienes experimentan una incidencia significativamente mayor de desgarros en comparación con los hombres. Esta revisión explora los diversos factores anatómicos, biomecánicos y hormonales que contribuyen al mayor riesgo de lesiones del LCA en mujeres. Anatómicamente, una escotadura femoral más pequeña y un tamaño menor del LCA en mujeres se asocian con un mayor riesgo de lesión. Biomecánicamente, diferencias como una mayor activación del cuádriceps y un ángulo Q más amplio contribuyen a una mayor tensión en el LCA durante las actividades físicas. Hormonalmente, las fluctuaciones de estrógeno, progesterona y relaxina a lo largo del ciclo menstrual afectan la laxitud del ligamento, lo que podría aumentar la probabilidad de desgarros del LCA. Además, se examina el papel de los anticonceptivos orales (ACO) en la modulación de estos efectos hormonales y sus posibles beneficios protectores contra las lesiones del LCA, aunque la evidencia sigue siendo inconclusa. La revisión destaca la necesidad de más investigaciones para comprender plenamente estas interacciones complejas y desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención adaptadas a las atletas femeninas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Francisco Boylán Pérez, Alejandro Murillo Villarino
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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