Revisión de la Menopausia: Un Problema de Salud Pública
Resumen
La menopausia es el cese de la menstruación por un año continuo, debido a la pérdida de la actividad ovárica que cursa con el decremento de los esteroides sexuales ováricos, el cual, aunado a factores socioeconómicos, contribuyen a la manifestación de los síntomas de la menopausia, que incluyen, entre otros: sofocos, sudoración nocturna, cefaleas, enfermedades cardiovasculares, osteoporosis, incontinencia e infecciones urinarias, aumento de peso, disfunción sexual, ansiedad, depresión, irritabilidad, insomnio, fatiga mental, disminución de la memoria y la concentración. La esperanza de vida ha aumentado significativamente. Por ejemplo, mientras que en la década de 1940 las mujeres vivían en promedio 41 años, hoy alcanzan aproximadamente 87 años. Considerando que la edad promedio de entrada a la menopausia es entre los 49 y 51 años, las mujeres pasan entre 36 y 38 años en una etapa no reproductiva, enfrentando desafíos fisiológicos, emocionales, cognitivos y sociales propios de este periodo. Esta prolongada etapa menopáusica y posmenopáusica representa un importante problema de salud pública que requiere una atención integral y cuidadosa. La presente revisión ofrece un resumen de los principales cambios sistémicos y cognitivos que ocurren en las mujeres durante la menopausia, con el propósito de brindar información actualizada sobre un tema que, hasta hace algunas décadas, había sido poco estudiado.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Leonor Estela Hernández López, Jorgelina Barrios de Tomasi, Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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