Cambio Climático y Enfermedades Infecciosas Emergentes: Riesgos, Vectores y Adaptación Sanitaria
Resumen
El cambio climático se ha consolidado como un determinante crítico en la dinámica epidemiológica global, afectando directamente la incidencia, distribución y severidad de las enfermedades infecciosas. Este fenómeno, impulsado por actividades antropogénicas, modifica patrones climáticos, altera ecosistemas y favorece la emergencia de zoonosis al incrementar el contacto entre humanos y reservorios animales. Asimismo, eventos extremos como inundaciones, sequías y huracanes deterioran infraestructuras sanitarias y crean condiciones propicias para la proliferación de vectores como mosquitos, garrapatas y roedores. Estos cambios ambientales, junto con procesos como la deforestación, urbanización no planificada y desplazamientos poblacionales, facilitan la reemergencia de enfermedades transmisibles y su expansión geográfica. Este artículo analiza de forma integral la evidencia científica que vincula el cambio climático con enfermedades como el dengue, el cólera y las infecciones respiratorias, destacando los riesgos crecientes para la salud pública. Se plantea la necesidad urgente de fortalecer sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica, promover estrategias de mitigación ambiental y fomentar políticas intersectoriales que integren salud, clima y biodiversidad. Concluimos que abordar el cambio climático no solo es una prioridad ambiental, sino también una estrategia esencial para prevenir crisis sanitarias futuras en un contexto de creciente vulnerabilidad global.
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Derechos de autor 2025 José Sánchez Vega , José Hernán Sánchez Aguilar, Arnulfo Eduardo Morales Galicia, Eduardo Perez Campos, Hector Cabrera Fuentes, Efrén Emmanuel Jarquín González
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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