Intervenciones no Farmacológicas en el Manejo de la Ansiedad Preoperatoria en Niños. Una Revisión de Alcance
Resumen
Existen dudas sobre las estrategias más recientes aplicadas en la ansiolisis preoperatoria en niños, por ese motivo se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance con el objetivo de mapear la evidencia disponible sobre las intervenciones no farmacológicas en el manejo de la ansiedad preoperatoria con un enfoque de afrontamiento del paciente. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda aplicando el modelo PRISMA - ScR y de Arksey y O'Malley en las bases de datos Pubmed, LILACS, Scopus, Science direct y Springer Link, solo 12 artículos cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad, se extrajeron los datos y se presentaron los resultados de forma narrativa. Resultados: las mejores medidas no farmacológicas que favorecen el afrontamiento en el contexto preanestésico son: la actividad lúdica en sala de juegos con lecturas y dibujos adaptados, la hipnosis sumada a la terapia farmacológica, y los juegos interactivos entre otras. Mediante estas prácticas hubo una reducción significativa del nivel de ansiedad en los grupos abordados en un promedio de 5-15 puntos en la escala preoperatoria de Yale modificada. Se concluyó que las intervenciones con material educativo pueden familiarizar a los niños con el proceso quirúrgico, reducir el miedo y mejorar la adherencia durante la inducción anestésica.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Santiago Patricio Ruiz Pérez , Jefferson Andrés Guerrero Andrade, Katherine Johana Puruncajas Pila
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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