Beneficios Materno-Fetales de la Suplementacion con Omega-3 durante el Embarazo
Resumen
El déficit materno de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 compromete la evolución obstétrica. Esta revisión narrativa sintetiza la evidencia reciente sobre la suplementación gestacional con omega-3. Se rastrearon artículos Q1-Q2 (2019–2024) en PubMed, Scopus, y Cochrane que evaluaron desenlaces maternos o neonatales tras la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 (DHA/EPA); veintitrés estudios cumplieron con los criterios propuestos. Una ingesta diaria de 600–1000 mg de DHA+EPA prolongó la gestación 4-7 días, redujo el parto pretérmino de 12-35 % (hasta 70 % en el pretérmino temprano) e incrementó el peso neonatal de 49-71 gr. También se observaron menores tasas de preeclampsia, un mejor crecimiento ponderal, mayor desarrollo visual-cognitivo y menor riesgo de asma en el infante. El beneficio fue mayor en mujeres con índice omega-3 <4,2 %. La heterogeneidad en dosis y escalas es un factor limitante para la comparabilidad y enfatiza la necesidad de ensayos multicéntricos que individualicen la dosis mediante el índice eritrocitario omega-3. La suplementación dirigida y rica en DHA aparece como estrategia segura y costo-efectiva para mejorar los resultados perinatales. Integrar el tamizaje dietético o bioquímico y dosificación personalizada al cuidado prenatal podría potenciar los beneficios materno-fetales, de forma especial en entornos con baja ingesta de pescado.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Carlos Benjamin Machuca Martinez , Christian Jose Gomez Espinoza , Alexander Oswaldo Ojeda Crespo
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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