Restauración Ecológica con Impacto Económico: Aprendizajes de 10 Experiencias Internacionales
Resumen
La restauración ecológica se ha consolidado como una respuesta clave frente al deterioro ambiental y la pérdida de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la economía de la restauración ecológica de 10 proyectos realizados en diferentes regiones y contextos, analizando sus acciones, aprendizajes y beneficios económicos. A partir del análisis de estas experiencias de restauración ecológica internacionales, se presentan casos concretos que muestran cómo estas iniciativas han contribuido a restaurar hábitats degradados y a fortalecer la resiliencia de las comunidades. Se reflexiona sobre los retos persistentes y las oportunidades emergentes en temas de financiamiento, políticas públicas y desarrollo de capacidades. Los resultados muestran cómo las inversiones en proyectos ecológicos no únicamente favorecen la recuperación de los ecosistemas, sino que también fortalecen las capacidades locales y pueden traducirse en beneficios económicos directos e indirectos. La información contenida puede resultar útil para estudiantes, investigadores, responsables de políticas y cualquier persona interesada en la conservación y el desarrollo sustentable.
Descargas
Citas
Alanís-Rodríguez, E., Martínez-Adriano, C.A., Sánchez-Castillo, L., Rubio-Camacho, E.A., Valdecantos-Dema, A. (2023). Land abandonment as driver of woody vegetation dynamics in Tamaulipan thornscrub at Northeastern Mexico. PeerJ 11:e15438. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15438
Aronson, J., Clewell, A. F., Blignaut, J. N., & Milton, S. J. (2010). Ecological restoration: a new frontier for nature conservation and economics. Journal for Nature Conservation, 18(2), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2009.08.005
Asner, G. P., Llactayo, W., Tupayachi, R., & Luna, E. R. (2013). Elevated rates of gold mining in the Amazon revealed through high-resolution monitoring. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(46), 18454–18459. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318271110
BenDor, T., Lester, T. W., Livengood, A., Davis, A., & Yonavjak, L. (2015). Estimating the Size and Impact of the Ecological Restoration Economy. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0128339. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128339
Brink, E., Aalders, T., Ádám, D., Feller, R., Henselek, Y., Hoffmann, A., ... & Kabisch, N. (2016). Cascades of green: A review of ecosystem-based adaptation in urban areas. Global Environmental Change, 36, 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.11.003
Bullock, J. M., Aronson, J., Newton, A. C., Pywell, R. F., & Rey-Benayas, J. M. (2011). Restoration of ecosystem services and biodiversity: Conflicts and opportunities. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(10), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.06.011
Chazdon, R. L. (2008). Beyond deforestation: Restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science, 320(5882), 1458-1460. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155366
Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., & Limburg, K. (2014). Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 26, 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002
de Groot, R. S., Alkemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L., & Willemen, L. (2010). Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological Complexity, 7(3), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.10.006
Desrus, B. (2024, July 16). Meet the Chelemeras: The Maya women who restore mangroves in Mexico’s Yucatán. Americas Quarterly. https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/meet-the-chelemeras-the-maya-women-who-restore-mangroves-in-mexicos-yucatan/
Douwes, E., Roy, K. E., Diederichs-Mander, N., Mavundla, K., & Roberts, D. (2015). The Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation Project: Leading the way in community ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change. eThekwini Municipality. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/14120
Duda, J. J., Warrick, J. A., & Magirl, C. S. (2011). Coastal and lower Elwha River, Washington, prior to dam removal—History, status, and defining characteristics. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5120. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115120
Ecological Restoration Alliance of India. (n.d.). Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park. https://era-india.org/project/rao-jodha-desert-rock-park/ . Page accessed on February 5, 2025
Hallett, L. M., Hobbs, R. J., & Mooney, H. A. (2011). Intervention Ecology: Applying Ecological Science in the Twenty-first Century. BioScience, 61(6), 442-450. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.6.6
Hobbs, R. J., & Harris, J. A. (2001). Restoration ecology: Repairing the Earth's ecosystems in the new millennium. Restoration Ecology, 9(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.00902.x
Holl, K. D., & Howarth, R. B. (2000). Paying for restoration. Restoration ecology, 8(3), 260-267. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80037.x
Iftekhar, M. S., Polyakov, M., Ansell, D., Gibson, F., & Kay, G. M. (2017). How economics can further the success of ecological restoration. Conservation Biology, 31(2), 261-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12778
Jones, H. P., Jones, P. C., Barbier, E. B., Blackburn, R. C., Rey Benayas, J. M., Holl, K. D., ... & Mateos, D. M. (2018). Restoration and repair of Earth's damaged ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285(1873), 20172577. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2577
Lee, M., & Jung, I. (2016). Assessment of an urban stream restoration project by cost-benefit analysis: The case of Cheonggyecheon stream in Seoul, South Korea. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20, 152-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0633-4
Lee, S., Yun, J., Kang, D., & Cha, J. (2020). Planting status of ecological restoration project and improvement plan. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 29(5), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2020.29.5.307
Mansourian, S., Stanturf, J. A., Derkyi, M. A. A., & Engel, V. L. (2017). Forest landscape restoration: increasing the positive impacts of forest restoration or simply the area under tree cover?. Restoration Ecology, 25(2), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12489
Mata-Balderas, J., Alanís-Rodríguez, E., Sarmiento-Muñoz, T., Rodríguez-Alejandro, E., & Garza-Pérez, A. (2024). Supervivencia y crecimiento de una reforestación de seis especies del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco en el noreste de México. Polibotánica, (58). https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.58.9
Meli, P., Holl, K. D., Rey Benayas, J. M., Jones, H. P., Jones, P. C., Montoya, D., & Mateos, D. M. (2017). A global review of past land use, climate, and active vs. passive restoration effects on forest recovery. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0171368. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171368
Meli, P., Rey Benayas, J. M., Balvanera, P., & Martínez Ramos, M. (2014). Restoration enhances wetland biodiversity and ecosystem service supply, but results are context‐dependent: A meta‐analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e93507. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093507
Montes-Rojas, A., Delgado-Morales, N. A. J., Escucha, R. S., & Siabatto, L. C. (2024). Recovering connectivity through restoration corridors in a fragmented landscape in the Magdalena River's valley in Colombia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 33(11), 3171–3185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02907-9
O’Brien, L. V., Rendall, A. R., & Coates, T. (2022). The social and economic value of restoration: A review of evidence from environmental, health and wellbeing perspectives. People and Nature, 4(4), 1056–1070. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10343
Perring, M. P., Standish, R. J., & Hobbs, R. J. (2015). Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century. Ecological Processes, 4(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-015-0036-5
Ren, M., Chen, W., & Wang, H. (2022). Ecological policies dominated the ecological restoration over the core regions of Kubuqi Desert in recent decades. Remote Sensing, 14(20), 5243. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205243
Society for Ecological Restoration (SER). (2004). The SER International primer on ecological restoration. SER. https://www.ser.org/page/SERDocuments
Suding, K. N., Gross, K. L., & Houseman, G. R. (2015a). Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.005
Suding, K. N., Higgs, E., Palmer, M. A., Callicott, J. B., Anderson, C. B., Baker, M., ... & Randall, A. (2015b). Committing to ecological restoration. Science, 348(6235), 638–640. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4216
Thomas, C. C., Huber, C., Skrabis, K. E., & Hoelzle, T. B. (2024). A framework for estimating economic impacts of ecological restoration. Environmental Management, 74(6), 1239-1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-024-02040-x
VisitElche. (2025). Paraje Natural del Clot de Galvany. https://www.visitelche.com/en/naturaleza/paraje-natural-del-clot-galvany/ . Page accessed on February 20, 2025.
Walker, B. H., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2), 5. https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/
Wortley, L., Hero, J. M., & Howes, M. (2013). Evaluating ecological restoration success: A review of the literature. Restoration Ecology, 21(5), 537–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12028
Zamboni, T., Di Martino, S., & Jiménez-Pérez, I. (2017). A review of a multispecies reintroduction to restore a large ecosystem: The Iberá Rewilding Program (Argentina). Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 15(4), 248–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2017.10.001
Zhang, W., & Xu, D. (2024). Benefits evaluation of ecological restoration projects based on value realization of ecological products. Journal of Environmental Management, 352, 120139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120139
Derechos de autor 2025 Alejandro Alcalá Rojas, Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez, Oscar Aguirre Calderón, Gerardo Cuellar Rodríguez, Israel Yerena Yamellel, Rufino Sandoval García
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
.png)
.png)
1.png)
