Análisis Teórico-Comparativo del Salto Alien: Lesiones Musculoesqueléticas y Contraste Biomecánico con Saltos Pliométricos Estandarizados
Resumen
El objetivo fue analizar, mediante una revisión narrativa crítica con enfoque teórico comparativo, la validez biomecánica del Salto Alien y su pertinencia en el entrenamiento de fisicoculturismo y fitness. Se contrastó el Salto Alien con protocolos estandarizados de saltos pliométricos descritos en guías y literatura entre 2010 y 2025. Se compararon parámetros de alineación articular, control neuromuscular y transferencia secuencial de fuerzas. El análisis identificó desalineaciones multiplanares en despegue, vuelo y aterrizaje, con valgo dinámico de rodilla, aducción y rotación interna de cadera, rotación interna tibial y pronación del tobillo, que incrementan la carga sobre los ligamentos cruzado anterior y colateral medial, el tendón rotuliano, el labrum acetabular y el tendón de Aquiles. Estas alteraciones exceden los rangos descritos para los momentos articulares y las fuerzas de reacción del suelo en cadera, rodilla y tobillo, y se asocian con lesiones agudas y procesos degenerativos. Se concluye que el Salto Alien carece de fundamentos biomecánicos y no cumple criterios de seguridad, por lo que se recomienda excluirlo de programas de entrenamiento. Se sugiere sustituirlo por saltos pliométricos estandarizados que prioricen la alineación, el control neuromuscular y la progresión de cargas, con supervisión especializada para preservar la integridad articular de practicantes en gimnasios.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Saúl Iram Armendáriz Ramírez, Hugo Nava Corrales, Mariana Velazco Velazco
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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