Neuroprotección farmacológica en la fase aguda del accidente cerebrovascular: una revisión integrativa
Resumen
El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) continúa siendo una de las principales causas de discapacidad y mortalidad a nivel global. En la fase aguda del evento, el tejido cerebral afectado (particularmente en la zona de penumbra) representa una ventana terapéutica crítica para aplicar intervenciones farmacológicas dirigidas a limitar el daño neuronal. En este contexto, se han desarrollado diversas estrategias neuroprotectoras que buscan modular mecanismos como el estrés oxidativo, la excitotoxicidad, la inflamación y la apoptosis. Esta revisión integrativa analiza la literatura reciente sobre el uso de agentes neuroprotectores en el ACV isquémico y hemorrágico, considerando tanto estudios preclínicos como clínicos. Se destaca el potencial de fármacos como la citicolina, edaravona, minociclina y NA-1, cuyo efecto terapéutico parece estar influenciado por el momento de administración, el tipo de ACV y la posibilidad de combinación con terapias de reperfusión. Aunque algunas de estas intervenciones han mostrado beneficios en ensayos clínicos, su implementación en la práctica médica enfrenta desafíos como la estrecha ventana terapéutica, la heterogeneidad de los pacientes y la necesidad de mayor evidencia de alta calidad. La neuroprotección representa un enfoque emergente con aplicaciones clínicas prometedoras, pero su integración efectiva requerirá estudios futuros que permitan definir perfiles de respuesta y establecer protocolos estandarizados.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Dennis Moreno - Palacios , Leodan Macas - Gonzales , Roberto Aguirre - Fernández
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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