Nanotecnología en Tricología: Avances Terapéuticos y Perspectivas Futuras en el Tratamiento de las Alopecias
Resumen
La alopecia, tanto androgénica (AGA) como areata (AA), representa un desafío clínico por su impacto psicológico y la limitada eficacia de los tratamientos convencionales tópicos. En este contexto, la nanotecnología emerge como una alternativa prometedora, al facilitar la entrega transdérmica de principios activos al folículo piloso, mejorar su biodisponibilidad y reducir efectos adversos, en comparación a los tratamientos sistémicos. Este trabajo presenta una revisión sistemática de estudios experimentales publicados entre 2020 y 2024 sobre sistemas nanoestructurados aplicados al tratamiento de alopecia, con especial enfoque en AGA y AA. Se incluyeron 16 estudios con modelos in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo y ensayos clínicos en humanos. Las plataformas evaluadas abarcan nanopartículas metálicas, exosomas, liposomas, transportadores lipídicos nanoestructurados (NLCs), niosomas, nanoemulsiones y ARN interferente pequeño autoensamblado (siRNA). Los resultados indican mejoras clínicas significativas, como mayor densidad y grosor capilar, activación de la fase anágena y aumento de marcadores de regeneración folicular (Ki67, β-catenina, CD34, LEF1), así como efectos inmunomoduladores en AA. Además, varios estudios clínicos mostraron una eficacia comparable o superior a tratamientos tradicionales como el minoxidil tópico, con un mejor perfil de seguridad. Pese a estas evidencias, persisten limitaciones metodológicas, como escasez de ensayos clínicos a largo plazo, modelos animales poco extrapolables y falta de estandarización en los biomarcadores capilares.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Wendy Estefany Luna Yunga

Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.









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