Riesgo de Miocarditis tras Vacunas Covid-19: Un Artículo de Revisión
Resumen
La inmunización con vacunas contra la COVID-19 fue fundamental para el control pandémico; sin embargo, la aparición de cuadros de inflamación miocárdica en población joven generó alertas de seguridad específicas asociadas a plataformas de ARNm. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el riesgo de adquisición, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y el pronóstico clínico real de la miocarditis posvacunal. Se aplicó una metodología de diseño documental retrospectivo, analizando 30 artículos publicados entre 2021 y 2025, obtenidos de bases como PubMed y Google Académico. Los resultados demuestran que, aunque estas vacunas presentan mayor reactogenicidad en varones adolescentes, la incidencia absoluta permanece extremadamente baja en comparación con el riesgo cardiovascular de la infección viral natural. Si bien la evolución clínica aguda suele ser benigna, estudios de resonancia magnética detectaron persistencia de realce tardío de gadolinio en el 30% de los casos, indicando fibrosis residual. En conclusión, a pesar de los hallazgos tisulares que sugieren la necesidad de vigilancia a largo plazo, el balance riesgo-beneficio favorece inequívocamente la vacunación, pues previene la miocarditis viral fulminante y reduce significativamente la morbimortalidad cardiovascular global asociada a la infección causada por el Covid-
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Derechos de autor 2025 Berly Joaquin Cardenas Quiñonez, Jeremy Josep Rodriguez Anaya, Consuelo Avilés Estrada
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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