Desinfección de alto nivel manual vs automatizada en endoscopios flexibles: efectividad y seguridad. Una revisión sistemática.
Resumen
Introducción: La desinfección de alto nivel (DAN) es el proceso que elimina todos los microorganismos vegetativos, micobacterias, virus pequeños o no lipídicos, virus medianos o lipídicos, esporas de hongos y, aunque no todas, esporas bacterianas y priones. Objetivo: sintetizar críticamente la evidencia reciente que compare la DAN manual frente a la DAN automatizada en endoscopios flexibles, teniendo en cuenta la efectividad y seguridad. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura académica de los últimos 5 años, a partir de la normativa PRISMA. La información fue obtenida de publicaciones científicas en bases de datos especializadas, como Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs, SciELO y Semantic Scholar. Se realizó una búsqueda basada en términos Mesh/DeCS y operadores booleanos. la selección y cribado se realizó con ayuda de la herramienta Rayyan. Se realizó una síntesis cualitativa de la información. Los resultados se presentan de forma descriptiva. Resultados: Se identificaron 3866 artículos y se seleccionaron 15. La mayoría de los estudios coincide en que la DAN automatizada, cuando se integra con un proceso manual de preprocesamiento, estandarizado, seguidos de un secado y almacenamientos seguros y protocolizados, reduce la contaminación residual, en comparación con el proceso exclusivamente manual. Algunos autores no encontraron diferencias notables entre la DAN manual o automatizada. Conclusiones: La DAN automatizada parece ser superior a la manual en el reprocesamiento de endoscopios flexibles. Los mejores resultados se observaron cuando se combinan ambas técnicas, con una adecuada estandarización del proceso, capacitación del personal y, control del cumplimiento de los protocolos de DAN.
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Derechos de autor 2026 María Priscila Rodriguez Benítez , Alexander Xavier Anchundia Villa, Aura Gisela Gaviria Vasquez, Erika Gabriela Viteri Contreras, Yellyber Pamela Laaz Zambrano
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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