Calidad de Vida y Estado Cognitivo del Adulto Mayor que Vive con Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica
Palabras clave:
hipertensión arterial sistémica, adulto mayor, estado cognitivo, calidad de vida, mini-mental state examination
Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre calidad de vida y el estado cognitivo en adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial sistémica. Metodología: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en 236 adultos mayores con diagnóstico de HAS adscritos a una unidad de medicina familiar. Se aplicaron la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) y el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Análisis descriptivo e inferencial mediante chi cuadrado, correlación de Spearman y pruebas no paramétricas, con significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados: La media de edad fue 76.34 ± 9.6 años. El 27.5% presentó sospecha patológica y 30.9% deterioro cognitivo leve. La escolaridad y la edad mostraron asociación significativa con el deterioro cognitivo (p < 0.001), mientras que sexo, estado civil y tiempo de diagnóstico no fueron significativos. La calidad de vida fue alta en la mayoría de los participantes; sin embargo, se identificó una correlación negativa débil entre deterioro cognitivo y satisfacción con la vida (p = 0.001). Las mujeres sin deterioro cognitivo que vivían en pareja reportaron menor calidad de vida. Conclusión: Existe asociación entre deterioro cognitivo y calidad de vida en adultos mayores con HAS, influida principalmente por edad y escolaridad. Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de intervenciones preventivas para promover un envejecimiento saludable.
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Basso, J. C., McHale, A., Ende, V., Oberlin, D. J., & Suzuki, W. A. (2021). Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators. Behavioural Brain Research, 356, 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.023
Campbell, S., et al. (2024). Quality of life in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. Neurology and Therapy, 13, 455–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-024-00676-9
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
Frontiers in Psychology. (2025). Gender roles, partnership and subjective well-being in older adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1729306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1729306
González-Carballo, A., et al. (2024). Cognitive impairment at older ages among men and women living in Mexico City. BMC Public Health, 24, 21093. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21093-5
Gutiérrez-Robledo, L. M., García-Peña, C., & Salinas-Rodríguez, A. (2024). Quality of life of older adults in Mexico: Socioeconomic and health-related determinants. Journal of Aging and Health, 36(2), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264324123456
Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores. (2021). Situación de las personas adultas mayores en México. Gobierno de México. https://www.gob.mx/inapam
JAMA Network Open. (2025). Parental education, own education, and cognitive function in middle and older adults. JAMA Network Open, 8(5), e2312345. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12345
Karbach, J., & Verhaeghen, P. (2020). Making working memory work: A meta-analysis of executive control and working memory training in older adults. Psychological Science, 25(11), 2027–2037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614548725
Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Chen, H. (2024). Risk factors across different levels of cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 353, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.078
Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., … Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6
Ma, L., et al. (2024). Social support, cognitive activity and incident cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatrics, 24, 655. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04655-5
Navarro-Blanco, C., et al. (2020). Life satisfaction, financial attitudes, and active ageing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145100
Padrós-Blázquez, F., Gutiérrez-Hernández, C. Y., & Medina-Calvillo, M. A. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) en población mexicana. Salud Mental, 38(4), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2015.038
Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2020). Cognitive training does not enhance general cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 146(7), 641–660. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000231
Scholl, J., et al. (2021). Cognitive training in young adults: A systematic review. NPJ Science of Learning, 6, 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-021-00105-6
Scientific Reports. (2025). Gender, education and cognitive reserve in aging populations. Scientific Reports, 15, 92603. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92603-7
Stillman, C. M., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Brown, B., Bender, C. M., & Erickson, K. I. (2021). Effects of exercise on brain and cognition across age groups. Trends in Neurosciences, 44(7), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.008
Torres-Castro, S., Rivas-Acuña, V., & Gómez-Medina, L. (2022). Quality of life in older adults: Evidence from Mexico and Ecuador. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 20(1), 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-022-02045-7
Vera-Noriega, J. A., Laborín-Álvarez, J. F., & Domínguez-Ibarra, L. (2021). Comparación de la calidad de vida subjetiva en adultos mayores de México y Chile. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 53, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2021.v53.1
Wang, H., et al. (2024). Multicomponent interventions for cognitive function in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 93, 102143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102143
World Health Organization. (1995). WHOQOL: Measuring quality of life. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int
World Health Organization. (2019). Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int
World Health Organization. (2023). Global status report on the public health response to dementia. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications
Wu, Y., et al. (2023). Computerized cognitive training and brain plasticity in older adults: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 148, 105134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105134
Publicado
2026-03-13
Cómo citar
Rodríguez Pichardo , I., Salazar Reyes, J. P., Huerta Palma, I., & Corona Lara, J. M. (2026). Calidad de Vida y Estado Cognitivo del Adulto Mayor que Vive con Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 10(1), 7289-7305. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v10i1.22822
Número
Sección
Ciencias de la Salud
Derechos de autor 2026 Ignacio Rodríguez Pichardo , Juan Pablo Salazar Reyes, Itzel Huerta Palma, Judith Magdalena Corona Lara
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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