Conocimientos y Actitudes de los Padres ante la Termorregulación Ineficaz en Pediátricos
Palabras clave:
termorregulación, conocimientos, actitudes, padres, pediatría
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los conocimientos y actitudes de los padres ante la termorregulación ineficaz en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital General Machala. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo-transversal y observacional. La población estuvo conformada por 200 padres de familia, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 132 mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó un instrumento con una confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0.921. Los resultados se organizaron en cuatro dimensiones: concepto y fisiopatología de la fiebre, medición y control de la temperatura, manejo de la hipertermia y complicaciones. Los hallazgos revelan un conocimiento sólido en aspectos como la identificación del termómetro (95.5%) y la fiebre como manifestación de infección (85.1%), pero también importantes lagunas en el reconocimiento del umbral febril exacto (solo 36.6% identificó 38°C), la técnica de medición axilar y el manejo terapéutico, donde persisten prácticas potencialmente peligrosas como el uso de alcohol (3%). Se concluye que, si bien existe una base de conocimiento, es necesario implementar estrategias educativas específicas y culturalmente adaptadas para mejorar las prácticas de cuidado y prevenir complicaciones.
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Citas
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Amagasa, S., Yasuda, H., Oishi, T., Kodama, S., Kashiura, M., & Moriya, T. (2022). Target temperature management following pediatric cardiac arrest: A systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of the length of therapeutic hypothermia. Cureus, 14(11), e31636. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31636
Arango Urrea, J. D., Matagira Rondón, G., & Parra Alzate, J. J. (2024). Cuidado de la temperatura en personas so-metidas a procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos en una institución de salud. Index de enfermería, e14482. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20236358
Balli, S., Shumway, K. R., & Sharan, S. (2025). Physiology, fever. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Barona, J. D. N., & Fernández Nieto, L. M. M. I. (2023). Efectividad de las visitas domiciliarias para la promoción y prevención en salud. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 6(3), 9402–9410. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n3-080
Çelik, T., & Güzel, Y. (2024). Parents’ knowledge and management of fever: “parents versus fever!” Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 59(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2024.23152
Directrices de la OMS sobre vivienda y salud. (2022). Pan American Health Organization.
Domínguez Jiménez, A. M., Madrigal Almeida, A., Candelero Juárez, Y., Contrera Madrigal, J. D., & García Hernández, J. M. (2024). Termorregulación ineficaz/Déficit del volumen de líquidos/Riesgo de infección, secundario a Dengue clásico, aplicando el Modelo de Adaptación de Sor callista Roy: Ineffective thermoregulation/ fluid volume deficit / Risk of infection, secondary to classic dengue, applying the Adaptation Model of Sor Callista Roy. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v5i6.2994
Dunne, E. A., O’Donnell, C. P. F., Nakstad, B., McCarthy, L. K., & European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) Neonatal Resuscitation Section Writing Group. (2024). Thermoregulation for very preterm infants in the delivery room: a narrative review. Pediatric Research, 95(6), 1448–1454. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02902-w
Elajez, R. (2021). Parents’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding fever in children: A cross-sectional study in Qatar. Academic Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatology, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.19080/ajpn.2021.10.555842
Gonçalves, M. A. R., Pereira, M. A. G., & Machado, N. de J. B. (2023). Preparación preoperatoria: la percepción de la persona que se somete a una cirugía programada. Index de enfermería, e14318. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20235773
Green, C., Krafft, H., Guyatt, G., & Martin, D. (2021). Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines. PloS One, 16(6), e0245815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245815
Gulcan, M. K., & Sahiner, N. C. (2023). Determining the fever-related knowledge and practices of mothers with children aged 1-5 years presenting to a child emergency service with fever complaints in Turkiye. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 69, e13–e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.11.024
Harhay, M. O., Blette, B. S., Granholm, A., Moler, F. W., Zampieri, F. G., Goligher, E. C., Gardner, M. M., Topjian, A. A., & Yehya, N. (2023). A Bayesian interpretation of a pediatric cardiac arrest trial (THAPCA-OH). NEJM Evidence, 2(1), EVIDoa2200196. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2200196
Jimbo Suarez, A. S., Azanza Atariguana, G. L., & Floreano Solano, L. M. (2024). Control with physical means of hyperthermia in children in the pediatric service. Enfermería Investiga Investigación Vinculación Docencia y Gestión, 9(2), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.31243/ei.uta.v9i2.2413.2024
Kadden, M., Zhang, A., & Shoykhet, M. (2024). Association of temperature management strategy with fever in critically ill children after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 12, 1355385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1355385
Kameda, N., & Okada, S. (2023). Evaluation of postoperative warming care protocol for thermal comfort and temperature management immediately after surgery: Nonrandomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 38(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.07.001
Liu, Q., & Liu, J. (2021). Clinical practice guideline on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of influenza (2021). Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 8(4), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.10.007
Ng, H. L., Li, H., Jin, X., & Wong, C. L. (2023). Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards childhood fever among South-East and East Asian parents: A literature review. PloS One, 18(9), e0290172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290172
Prasanna, M. K., & Jyothsna.N, M. (2023). Effect of warm water foot bath therapy on body temperature among children with fever. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i04.6002
Ratto, D., & Joyner, R. W. (2025). Dantrolene. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Rivera-Fernández-Galán, B., Rodríguez-de Ita, J., Garza-Ornelas, B. M., & Chávez-Caraza, K. L. (2022). Conocimiento, actitudes y creencias de los padres ante la fiebre en niños. Revista mexicana de pediatría, 89(5), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.35366/110504
RoB 2: A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. (s/f). Cochrane.org. Recuperado el 3 de noviembre de 2025, de https://methods.cochrane.org/bias/resources/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials
Rodrigues Guimarães de Aquino, A., Coeli Oliveira da Silva, B., Barreto, V. P., Rodrigues Guimarães de Aquino, A., Vasconcelos Trigueiro, E., & Rodrigues Feijão, A. (2021). Perfil de recém-nascidos de risco relacionado à termorregulação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Enfermería global, 20(1), 59–97. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.414201
Russell, K., Ostendorf, M., Welden, L. M. S., & Stallings, J. D. (2022). Using a normothermia bundle with perioperative prewarming to reduce patient hypothermia. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 37(1), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.07.008
Slattery, D., Fortune, J., Tran, K., Corbett, R., & Kim, R. (2022). 267 throwing the baby out with the ice water? Dramatic decreases in targeted temperature management for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 80(4), S116–S117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.294
Tubog, T. D., Kane, T. D., & Ericksen, A. M. (2023). Combined forced air warming and warm intravenous fluid strategy for perioperative hypothermia in cesarean delivery: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 38(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.03.009
Wolfe, J. D., Waken, R. J., Fanous, E., Fox, D. K., May, A. M., & Maddox, K. E. J. (2023). Variation in the use of targeted temperature management for cardiac arrest. The American Journal of Cardiology, 201, 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.005
Yang, B. Y., Bulger, N., Chocron, R., Counts, C. R., Drucker, C., Yin, L., Parayil, M., Johnson, N. J., Sotoodehenia, N., Kudenchuk, P. J., Sayre, M. R., & Rea, T. D. (2022). Analysis of epinephrine dose, targeted temperature management, and neurologic and survival outcomes among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA Network Open, 5(8), e2226191. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26191
Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Qiong, L., Zeng, L., Wu, D., & Qin, F. (2021). Systematic review of methodology and reporting quality of global guidelines on fever in children. Medicine, 100(48), e28021. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000028021
Amagasa, S., Yasuda, H., Oishi, T., Kodama, S., Kashiura, M., & Moriya, T. (2022). Target temperature management following pediatric cardiac arrest: A systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of the length of therapeutic hypothermia. Cureus, 14(11), e31636. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31636
Arango Urrea, J. D., Matagira Rondón, G., & Parra Alzate, J. J. (2024). Cuidado de la temperatura en personas so-metidas a procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos en una institución de salud. Index de enfermería, e14482. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20236358
Balli, S., Shumway, K. R., & Sharan, S. (2025). Physiology, fever. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Barona, J. D. N., & Fernández Nieto, L. M. M. I. (2023). Efectividad de las visitas domiciliarias para la promoción y prevención en salud. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 6(3), 9402–9410. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n3-080
Çelik, T., & Güzel, Y. (2024). Parents’ knowledge and management of fever: “parents versus fever!” Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 59(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2024.23152
Directrices de la OMS sobre vivienda y salud. (2022). Pan American Health Organization.
Domínguez Jiménez, A. M., Madrigal Almeida, A., Candelero Juárez, Y., Contrera Madrigal, J. D., & García Hernández, J. M. (2024). Termorregulación ineficaz/Déficit del volumen de líquidos/Riesgo de infección, secundario a Dengue clásico, aplicando el Modelo de Adaptación de Sor callista Roy: Ineffective thermoregulation/ fluid volume deficit / Risk of infection, secondary to classic dengue, applying the Adaptation Model of Sor Callista Roy. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v5i6.2994
Dunne, E. A., O’Donnell, C. P. F., Nakstad, B., McCarthy, L. K., & European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) Neonatal Resuscitation Section Writing Group. (2024). Thermoregulation for very preterm infants in the delivery room: a narrative review. Pediatric Research, 95(6), 1448–1454. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02902-w
Elajez, R. (2021). Parents’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding fever in children: A cross-sectional study in Qatar. Academic Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatology, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.19080/ajpn.2021.10.555842
Gonçalves, M. A. R., Pereira, M. A. G., & Machado, N. de J. B. (2023). Preparación preoperatoria: la percepción de la persona que se somete a una cirugía programada. Index de enfermería, e14318. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20235773
Green, C., Krafft, H., Guyatt, G., & Martin, D. (2021). Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines. PloS One, 16(6), e0245815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245815
Gulcan, M. K., & Sahiner, N. C. (2023). Determining the fever-related knowledge and practices of mothers with children aged 1-5 years presenting to a child emergency service with fever complaints in Turkiye. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 69, e13–e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.11.024
Harhay, M. O., Blette, B. S., Granholm, A., Moler, F. W., Zampieri, F. G., Goligher, E. C., Gardner, M. M., Topjian, A. A., & Yehya, N. (2023). A Bayesian interpretation of a pediatric cardiac arrest trial (THAPCA-OH). NEJM Evidence, 2(1), EVIDoa2200196. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2200196
Jimbo Suarez, A. S., Azanza Atariguana, G. L., & Floreano Solano, L. M. (2024). Control with physical means of hyperthermia in children in the pediatric service. Enfermería Investiga Investigación Vinculación Docencia y Gestión, 9(2), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.31243/ei.uta.v9i2.2413.2024
Kadden, M., Zhang, A., & Shoykhet, M. (2024). Association of temperature management strategy with fever in critically ill children after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 12, 1355385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1355385
Kameda, N., & Okada, S. (2023). Evaluation of postoperative warming care protocol for thermal comfort and temperature management immediately after surgery: Nonrandomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 38(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.07.001
Liu, Q., & Liu, J. (2021). Clinical practice guideline on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of influenza (2021). Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 8(4), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.10.007
Ng, H. L., Li, H., Jin, X., & Wong, C. L. (2023). Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards childhood fever among South-East and East Asian parents: A literature review. PloS One, 18(9), e0290172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290172
Prasanna, M. K., & Jyothsna.N, M. (2023). Effect of warm water foot bath therapy on body temperature among children with fever. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i04.6002
Ratto, D., & Joyner, R. W. (2025). Dantrolene. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Rivera-Fernández-Galán, B., Rodríguez-de Ita, J., Garza-Ornelas, B. M., & Chávez-Caraza, K. L. (2022). Conocimiento, actitudes y creencias de los padres ante la fiebre en niños. Revista mexicana de pediatría, 89(5), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.35366/110504
RoB 2: A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. (s/f). Cochrane.org. Recuperado el 3 de noviembre de 2025, de https://methods.cochrane.org/bias/resources/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials
Rodrigues Guimarães de Aquino, A., Coeli Oliveira da Silva, B., Barreto, V. P., Rodrigues Guimarães de Aquino, A., Vasconcelos Trigueiro, E., & Rodrigues Feijão, A. (2021). Perfil de recém-nascidos de risco relacionado à termorregulação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Enfermería global, 20(1), 59–97. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.414201
Russell, K., Ostendorf, M., Welden, L. M. S., & Stallings, J. D. (2022). Using a normothermia bundle with perioperative prewarming to reduce patient hypothermia. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 37(1), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.07.008
Slattery, D., Fortune, J., Tran, K., Corbett, R., & Kim, R. (2022). 267 throwing the baby out with the ice water? Dramatic decreases in targeted temperature management for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 80(4), S116–S117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.294
Tubog, T. D., Kane, T. D., & Ericksen, A. M. (2023). Combined forced air warming and warm intravenous fluid strategy for perioperative hypothermia in cesarean delivery: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 38(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.03.009
Wolfe, J. D., Waken, R. J., Fanous, E., Fox, D. K., May, A. M., & Maddox, K. E. J. (2023). Variation in the use of targeted temperature management for cardiac arrest. The American Journal of Cardiology, 201, 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.005
Yang, B. Y., Bulger, N., Chocron, R., Counts, C. R., Drucker, C., Yin, L., Parayil, M., Johnson, N. J., Sotoodehenia, N., Kudenchuk, P. J., Sayre, M. R., & Rea, T. D. (2022). Analysis of epinephrine dose, targeted temperature management, and neurologic and survival outcomes among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA Network Open, 5(8), e2226191. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26191
Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Qiong, L., Zeng, L., Wu, D., & Qin, F. (2021). Systematic review of methodology and reporting quality of global guidelines on fever in children. Medicine, 100(48), e28021. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000028021
Publicado
2026-03-19
Cómo citar
Tenorio Galván, A. A., Peralta Poma, E. K., & Aguilar Ramírez, M. P. (2026). Conocimientos y Actitudes de los Padres ante la Termorregulación Ineficaz en Pediátricos. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 10(C. Salud), 378-391. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v10iC. Salud.22913
Número
Sección
Ciencias de la Salud
Derechos de autor 2026 Anthony Ariel Tenorio Galván, Evelyn Karla Peralta Poma, Mayra Patricia Aguilar Ramírez
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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