Caracterización fisicoquímica y análisis multivariado de la miel artesanal Dxiñaguie’ (Oaxaca, México) frente a estándares nacionales e internacionales
Resumen
Introducción: La miel artesanal del Istmo de Tehuantepec (Dxiñaguie’) posee una identidad biocultural distintiva, pero carece de una validación fisicoquímica integral que la posicione frente a estándares internacionales. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil fisicoquímico y la calidad multivariada de la miel Dxiñaguie’ (MD) en comparación con mieles regionales a granel (MR) y controles certificados nacionales (CN) e internacionales (CI). Metodología: Se analizaron 10 parámetros fisicoquímicos bajo la normativa NOM-004-SAG/GAN-2018. Los datos se procesaron mediante ANOVA de una vía (Tukey-Kramer), Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y diagramas de radar para evaluar la huella dactilar química. Resultados: La miel MD presentó indicadores de frescura excepcionales (HMF: 17.79 ± 0.53 mg/kg; Diastasa: 14.30 ± 0.46 U; Lactonas: 5.11 ± 0.19 meq/kg), estadísticamente indistinguibles (p>0.05) de los controles premium (CN y CI). En contraste, el grupo MR exhibió deterioro térmico severo (HMF: 36.32 mg/kg) y procesos fermentativos iniciales (pH 3.70; Acidez Total 44.0 meq/kg). El PCA explicó el 97.3% de la varianza total, revelando que la miel Dxiñaguie’ comparte un espacio multivariado de "alta estabilidad" con la miel de origen internacional, separándose drásticamente del clúster de degradación de la miel regional. Conclusión: La miel Dxiñaguie’ no solo cumple con la normativa mexicana, sino que posee una estabilidad funcional equivalente a estándares internacionales de alto valor. Su perfil químico la distingue significativamente de la oferta regional estándar, validando el impacto positivo de su manejo postcosecha artesanal.
Descargas
Citas
Almutairi, L. A., & Alqahtani, A. S. (2025). Compliance Investigation of Honey-Packaged Food Labels and Claims in Saudi Arabia. Int J Food Sci, 2025, 7113620. doi:10.1155/ijfo/7113620
Amadei, M., Maldonado, L., Salomón, V., Alvarez, A., & Gaggiotti, M. (2022). La detección de adulteraciones en la miel. In, (pp. 109).
AOAC-Moisture-in-honey-International. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (19th edn). Gaithersburg, MD, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists International.
Becerra, J. X. (2005). Timing the origin and expansion of the Mexican tropical dry forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(31), 10919–10923. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409127102
Bell, A. R., & Grainger, M. N. C. (2023). Accelerated loss of diastase in manuka honey: Investigation of manuka specific compounds. Food Chem, 426, 136614. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136614
Bonsignore, G., Martinotti, S., & Ranzato, E. (2024). Honey Bioactive Molecules: There Is a World Beyond the Sugars. BioTech, 13(4), 47. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6284/13/4/47
Bose, D., & Padmavati, M. (2024). Honey Authentication: A review of the issues and challenges associated with honey adulteration. Food Bioscience, 61, 105004. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105004
Brar, D. S., Pant, K., Krishnan, R., Kaur, S., Rasane, P., Nanda, V., … Gautam, S. (2022). A comprehensive review on unethical honey: Validation by emerging techniques. Food Control, 145, 109482. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109482
Cabrera M., & Santander E. (2022). Physicochemical and sensory analysis of honeys from eastern Formosa province (Argentina) and its relationship with their botanical origin. Food Chemistry Advances, 1, 100026. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2022.100026
Cabrera-Fuentes, H. A., Barreto, G., Perez-Campos, E., Nivon-Torres, G. F., Garcia Gonzalez, A. A., Al-Suhaim, E. A., & Liehn, E. A. (2025). Targeting Inflammation and Fibrosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapies. FASEB J, 39(17), e71008. doi:10.1096/fj.202500970R
Cabrera-Fuentes, H. A., Liehn, E. A., & Al-Suhaimi, E. A. (2025). Decoding the plasma proteome: Advancing precision medicine in cardiovascular health. Drug Discov Today, 31(1), 104584. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104584
Cetintas, Y. (2025). Quality, Authenticity, and Classification of Honeys Produced in Mugla Province, Turkiye. J Food Sci, 90(12), e70782. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.70782
Codex Alimentarius, C. (1981). Standard for Honey (CXS 12-1981): Adopted in 1981. Revised in 1987, 2001. Amended in 2019, 2022. In: FAO/WHO.
Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos, S. (2021). Manual de la MODIFICACIÓN a la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-051-SCFI/SSA1-2010. In. Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Salud / COFEPRIS.
Daugaliyeva, S., Daugaliyeva, A., Amirova, K., Yelubayeva, A., Toktarov, N., & Peletto, S. (2025). Identifying Honey Species Composition and Verifying Label Accuracy Using Melissopalynological Analysis and DNA Metabarcoding. Food Analytical Methods, 18(11), 2634–2650. doi:10.1007/s12161-025-02883-y
Díaz, A. O., Segovia, M. F., & Rivera, N. A. (2025). Stochastic frontier analysis and agricultural typologies: Applied to Mexico’s sugarcane industry. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 17(4), 100173. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rspp.2025.100173
Dolores-Mijangos, G., Santiago-Cruz, M., Coronado, J. J., & Utrera-Quintana, F. (2017). Impact evaluation of apiculture activity in the Tehuantepec Isthmus, Oaxaca, México. Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo, 14, 187–203.
Escuredo, O., & Seijo, M. C. (2024). Authenticity of Honey: Characterization, Bioactivities and Sensorial Properties Series II. Foods, 13(13), 2079. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/13/2079
European-Council (2002). Council Directive 2001/110/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to honey. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:010:0047:0052:EN:PDF (accessed L 10)
Fazakas, D., & Mot, A. C. (2025). Spectrophotometric Assessment of 5-HMF in Thermally Treated Honey: Analytical Performance Comparison of Classical and Modified Methods. Chemistry, 7(2), 64. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/2/64
Gallardo-López, F., Landini, F., & Hernández-Chontal, M. A. (2022). The Productive Orientation of Rural Extensionists in the Regions of Mexico: A Key Element for Agroecological Transition. Sustainability, 14(7), 4062. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/7/4062
Harbane, S., Escuredo, O., Saker, Y., Ghorab, A., Nakib, R., Rodriguez-Flores, M. S., … Seijo, M. C. (2024). The Contribution of Botanical Origin to the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Algerian Honeys. Foods, 13(4)doi:10.3390/foods13040573
Honorable Congreso del Estado de, O. (2012). Ley de Fomento Apícola del Estado de Oaxaca. Periódico Oficial del Gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca.
Inaudi, P., Garzino, M., Abollino, O., Malandrino, M., & Giacomino, A. (2025). Honey: Inorganic Composition as Possible Marker for Botanical and Geological Assignment. Molecules, 30(7), 1466. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1466
Janković, M., Kobiljski, D., & Torović, L. (2026). Behind the Buzz: Honey-Sweet risks and their implications. Food Control, 180, 111618. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111618
Kamal, M. M., Rashid, M. H. U., Mondal, S. C., El Taj, H. F., & Jung, C. (2019). Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honey obtained through sugar feeding of bees. J Food Sci Technol, 56(4), 2267–2277. doi:10.1007/s13197-019-03714-9
Kanelis, D., Liolios, V., Tananaki, C., & Rodopoulou, M.-A. (2022). Determination of the Carbohydrate Profile and Invertase Activity of Adulterated Honeys after Bee Feeding. Applied Sciences, 12(7), 3661. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3661
Laynes-Magana, C., Cetzal-Ix, W., Lopez-Castilla, H. M. J., Tamayo-Cen, I., Martinez-Puc, J. F., Noguera-Savelli, E., … Basu, S. K. (2025). Honey production, an economic alternative for coastal areas with mangrove ecosystems: a case study in Sabancuy, Campeche, southeastern Mexico. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 21(1), 42. doi:10.1186/s13002-025-00794-0
Lemos, M., Venturieri, G., Filho, H., & Dantas, K. (2017). Evaluation of the physicochemical parameters and inorganic constituents of honeys from the Amazon region. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57, 1–10. doi:10.1080/00218839.2017.1338120
Liehn, E. A., & Cabrera-Fuentes, H. A. (2015). Inflammation between defense and disease: impact on tissue repair and chronic sickness. Discoveries (Craiova), 3(1), e42. doi:10.15190/d.2015.34
Luna-Olea, R., Omaña Silvestre, J., Quintero Ramírez, J. M., & Farrera-Vázquez, I. (2025). Honey production logistics in Mexico and its domestic market. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 16, 646–660.
Manyi-Loh, C., Ndip, R., & Clarke, A. (2011). Volatile Compounds in Honey: A Review on Their Involvement in Aroma, Botanical Origin Determination and Potential Biomedical Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS), 12, 9514–9532. doi:10.3390/ijms12129514
Margaoan, R., Papa, G., Nicolescu, A., Cornea-Cipcigan, M., Kösoğlu, M., Topal, E., & Negri, I. (2025). Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32(16), 10370–10391. doi:10.1007/s11356-024-33754-4
Marín, X., Grau-Noguer, E., Gervilla-Cantero, G., Ripolles-Avila, C., & Castillo, M. (2025). Emerging technologies for detecting food fraud: A review of the current landscape in the 2020s. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 165, 105313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105313
Martínez-Martínez, P. R., Ramos-Soto, A. L., Cruz-Domínguez, E., Palacios-Pineda, F., & Valadez-Solana, B. D. (2025). Social Capital and Sustainable Development in Community Contexts: Evidence from Beekeepers in Southern Mexico. Sustainability, 17(24), 11102. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/24/11102
Mazé, A. (2023). Geographical indications as global knowledge commons: Ostrom's law on common intellectual property and collective action. Journal of Institutional Economics, 19, 1–17. doi:10.1017/S1744137423000036
Mezentsev, S. (2024). Nomadic beekeeping as an effective way to physically protect and preserve the lives of honey bees from pesticides used in agriculture.
Mongi, R. J. (2024). Influence of botanical origin and geographical zones on physicochemical properties, mineral contents and consumer acceptance of honey in Tanzania. Food Chemistry Advances, 4, 100731. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100731
Morariu, I.-D., Avasilcai, L., Vieriu, M., Lupu, V. V., Ioniuc, I., Morariu, B.-A., … Trandafir, L. (2024). A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the Hazards of Bee Honey Adulteration and Contamination. Journal of Food Quality, 2024(1), 3512676. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3512676
Mostoles, D., de Krijger, F., Mara, A., Sanna, G., Saurina, J., Sentellas, S., & Núñez, O. (2025). Honey Geographical Origin Characterization and Authentication Based on Spectrophotometric Assays, Physicochemical Parameters, and LC-MS/MS Polyphenolic Profiling. Foods, 14(22), 3828. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/22/3828
Nidhi, C. N., Haldhar, S. M., Singh, K. I., Singh, N. O., Sinha, B., Kencharddi, R. N., … Choudhary, M. (2025). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honey across bee species from North Eastern Hill region of India. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 33759. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98040-w
NOM-2018-DOF-Mexico (2020). NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-004-SAG/GAN-2018, Producción de miel y especificaciones. Available from https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5592435
https://platiica.economia.gob.mx/normalizacion/nom-004-sag-gan-2018/ (accessed
Ogwu, M. C., & Izah, S. C. (2025). Honey as a Natural Antimicrobial. Antibiotics, 14(3), 255. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/255
Perez-Campos, E., Del Rio, V., & Cabrera-Fuentes, H. A. (2025). Bridging translational gaps in Mexico's new science era. Trends Mol Med, 31(3), 202–203. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2025.01.003
Pérez-García, E., Meave, J., & Cevallos-Ferriz, S. (2012). Flora and vegetation of the seasonally dry tropics of Mexico: Origin and biogeographical implications. Acta botánica Mexicana, 100, 149–193.
Pérez-Soto, E., Campos-Pastelin, J. M., Zaldivar-Ortega, A. K., González-Lemus, U., Cenobio-Galindo, A. d. J., & González-Montiel, L. (2025). Physicochemical Characteristics of Honey From The Sierra de Flores Magón Region, Oaxaca, Mexico. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental - RGSA, 19(3), e011727. doi:10.24857/rgsa.v19n3-119
Rahmani, A. H., & Babiker, A. Y. (2025). Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities. Open Life Sci, 20(1), 20251069. doi:10.1515/biol-2025-1069
Ramírez, E., Navarro-Calvo, L., & Díaz-Carbajal, E. (2011). Botanical characterisation of Mexican honeys from a subtropical region (Oaxaca) based on pollen analysis. Grana, 50, 40–54. doi:10.1080/00173134.2010.537767
Raweh, H. S. A., Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed, A. Y., Iqbal, J., & Alqarni, A. S. (2023). Physicochemical Composition of Local and Imported Honeys Associated with Quality Standards. Foods, 12(11)doi:10.3390/foods12112181
Rendon, B., Bravo-Avilez, D., Bernal-Ramírez, L., García Mendoza, A., Espejo-Serna, A., Ferrari, A., … Arias, S. (2023). Ethnobotanical Science in the Clouds: Useful Plants of Northeastern Oaxaca, Mexico. In, (pp. 755–869).
Requier, F. (2019). Honey Bees in Latin America. In, (pp. p. 206–221).
Samarghandian, S., Farkhondeh, T., & Samini, F. (2017). Honey and Health: A Review of Recent Clinical Research. Pharmacognosy Res, 9(2), 121–127. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.204647
Secretaría de Desarrollo Agropecuario, P. y. A. (2016). Título de Registro de Marca y Fierro de Herrar: Registro No. API-389/16. In. Oaxaca, México: Departamento de Salud Animal, Dirección de Fomento Pecuario.
Sereia, M. J., Parpinelli, R. S., Perdoncini, M., Março, P. H., de Lima, E. G., & Anjo, F. A. (2017). Techniques for the Evaluation of Microbiological Quality in Honey. In V. D. A. Arnaut de Toledo (Ed.), Honey Analysis. London: IntechOpen.
Sharaf El-Din, M. G., Farrag, A. F. S., Wu, L., Huang, Y., & Wang, K. (2025). Health benefits of honey: A critical review on the homology of medicine and food in traditional and modern contexts. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 12(2), 147–164. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2025.03.015
Singh, I., & Singh, S. (2018). Honey moisture reduction and its quality. J Food Sci Technol, 55(10), 3861–3871. doi:10.1007/s13197-018-3341-5
Stanojevic, S. P., Milincic, D. D., Smiljanic, N., Pesic, M. B., Nedic, N. M., Kolasinac, S., … Kostic, A. Z. (2024). Conventional vs. Organically Produced Honey-Are There Differences in Physicochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics? Foods, 13(22)doi:10.3390/foods13223573
Tlak Gajger, I., Dar, S. A., Ahmed, M. M. M., Aly, M. M., & Vlainic, J. (2025). Antioxidant Capacity and Therapeutic Applications of Honey: Health Benefits, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Processing Roles. Antioxidants (Basel), 14(8)doi:10.3390/antiox14080959
Vega, J., Aguilar, J., Morales Galicia, A. E., Campos, E., Cabrera-Fuentes, H., & Jarquín González, E. (2025). Cambio Climático y Enfermedades Infecciosas Emergentes: Riesgos, Vectores y Adaptación Sanitaria. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 9, 1943–1963. doi:10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i3.17819
Verma, G., Kaur, A., Kaur, G., Sodetou, M., Kashyap, P., Farooq, Q., & Sharma, B. (2025). The anti-inflammatory properties of honey: A natural remedy for modern health challenges. IP Journal of Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Science, 8, 104–115. doi:10.18231/j.ijnmhs.12374.1760001562
Villaseñor, J., Ortiz, E., & Meave, J. (2025). Floristic diversity of the tropical rainforest in Mexico. Botanical Sciences, 103, 899–916.
Xolalpa-Aroche, A., Hernández-Mena, D. I., Moguel-Chin, W. I., Contreras-Peruyero, H., Rivero-Cruz, B. E., Ortiz-Vázquez, E., … Delgado-Suárez, E. J. (2024). Physicochemical Properties of Two Mexican Stingless Bee Honeys to Strengthen Their Biocultural Value. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 34(5), 1129–1139. doi:10.1007/s43450-024-00566-z
Zhang, X.-H., Gu, H.-W., Liu, R.-J., Qing, X.-D., & Nie, J.-F. (2023). A comprehensive review of the current trends and recent advancements on the authenticity of honey. Food Chemistry: X, 19, 100850. doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100850
Derechos de autor 2026 Gilka F. Nivón-Torres , Sergio Alberto Ramirez Garcia, Ivonne Arisbeth Díaz Santiago, Antonio Canseco Urbieta, Alicia Sylvia Gijón Cruz , Erik Martínez Torres , Jorge Alejandro Santiago Urbina, Juan Luis Bautista Martínez , Aristeo Segura Salvador, Hipócrates Nolasco Cancino
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
.png)
.png)
1.png)
