Partenocarpia inducida por ácido naftalenacético en híbridos OxG de palma aceitera (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): integración de la fisiología reproductiva, señalización auxínica y transcriptómica funcional
Resumen
Los híbridos interespecíficos OxG (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis) son estratégicos en la palmicultura por su tolerancia a la Pudrición del Cogollo y la calidad de su aceite. No obstante, su limitada eficiencia reproductiva impulsó la inducción de partenocarpia mediante ácido naftalenacético (NAA) para optimizar la productividad. Esta revisión integra los avances fisiológicos, moleculares y transcriptómicos de la acción del NAA en inflorescencias de híbridos OxG. La evidencia indica que este fitorregulador actúa como sustituto funcional de las señales de fecundación, activando la vía canónica auxínica mediante receptores TIR1/AFB, la degradación de proteínas AUX/IAA y la modulación de factores ARF involucrados en el desarrollo del fruto. El cross-talk entre auxinas, giberelinas y citoquininas favorece la reprogramación transcripcional asociada a la división celular, expansión del ovario, establecimiento del mesocarpio y transporte de fotoasimilados. Análisis transcriptómicos recientes identifican redes génicas determinantes en la formación del fruto partenocárpico. En conclusión, la evidencia posiciona al NAA como una herramienta biotecnológica clave para integrar la fisiología reproductiva y el manejo agronómico avanzado, identificando a los enfoques multi-ómicos como áreas prioritarias para futuras investigaciones.
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