Clústeres tecnológicos de la transformación digital en el ciclo de vida del producto
Resumen
La transformación digital integra siete clústeres tecnológicos -Internet de las Cosas, Big Data e Inteligencia Artificial, Cloud Computing, Fabricación Aditiva, Gemelos Digitales, Robótica Avanzada y Ciberseguridad/Blockchain- en el desarrollo de productos, aunque la literatura los aborda de forma dispersa. Esta revisión sistemática, bajo el protocolo PRISMA 2020, analizó la integración de estos clústeres en el desarrollo de productos, sus aplicaciones, beneficios y desafíos. Se buscó en Scopus y ScienceDirect (5592 registros identificados), evaluando 114 estudios en texto completo, de los cuales 82 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados muestran que el Gemelo Digital domina la literatura (74.4% de los estudios), concentrado en Diseño/Desarrollo (37.8%) y Manufactura (32.9%), con fuerte concentración geográfica en Alemania (72%) y editorial en Procedia CIRP (84%). Los beneficios reportados incluyen reducciones de hasta 98% en esfuerzo manual de ingeniería y clasificaciones de uso con más de 96% de precisión, mientras que las barreras son técnicas, organizacionales y económicas. Se concluye que el Gemelo Digital funciona como eje integrador de las demás tecnologías, identificándose vacíos en Ciberseguridad/Blockchain, Cloud Computing, la fase de fin de vida del producto, y en la representatividad geográfica de la evidencia disponible.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Cristian Joel Jáuregui Sánchez , Gisselle Blanca Silva Núñez, Gustavo Alexander Quiroz Chumbimuni, Royer Publio Osorio Huasco, Friedman Edgard Turín Alvarado
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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