Factores de Éxito y Barreras Institucionales en la Adopción de la Teleenfermería y la Salud Digital: Una Revisión Sistemática
Resumen
La adopción de la teleenfermería y la salud digital enfrentó obstáculos institucionales que la literatura científica no siempre documentó con suficiente profundidad, pese a los avances normativos impulsados en distintos países. Ante ese vacío, la presente revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo de investigación identificar y sintetizar los factores de éxito y las barreras institucionales reportados en la literatura científica sobre la adopción de la teleenfermería y la salud digital. Metodológicamente, el estudio se sustentó en el protocolo PRISMA 2020 y en el formato PECOS para estructurar la pregunta de investigación; la búsqueda se ejecutó en cuatro bases de datos, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO, identificó 931 registros y, tras el cribado y la verificación de acceso a texto completo, incorporó treinta y dos estudios a la síntesis cualitativa. Los resultados mostraron que el liderazgo institucional y la capacitación estructurada constituyeron los facilitadores citados con mayor frecuencia, mientras que la sobrecarga laboral y los flujos de trabajo no ajustados representaron la barrera más transversal del corpus; estos patrones variaron según el nivel organizacional, la naturaleza de la barrera y el contexto de ingreso del país de origen de cada estudio. Se concluyó que la identificación y síntesis de los factores de éxito y las barreras institucionales confirmó que la adopción de la teleenfermería dependió del liderazgo, la capacitación y una gobernanza que sostuvo el cambio, mientras que la sobrecarga laboral y los flujos de trabajo no ajustados constituyeron el obstáculo transversal del corpus.
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