Relación entre el Síndrome de Burnout, la Salud Mental y el Desempeño Laboral en Profesionales de Enfermería de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos: Revisión Sistemática
Resumen
El síndrome de burnout constituye un problema ocupacional relevante en enfermería de cuidados intensivos por la combinación de demandas clínicas, emocionales y organizacionales. El objetivo fue analizar su relación con la salud mental y el desempeño laboral en profesionales de enfermería de unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios primarios publicados entre 2020 y 2025. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, Scopus, SciELO y ScienceDirect; la selección siguió las fases de PRISMA 2020 y se desarrolló una síntesis temática comparativa. Se incluyeron 33 estudios de 20 países, con predominio de diseños transversales y del Maslach Burnout Inventory. El agotamiento emocional se relacionó de forma consistente con ansiedad, depresión, estrés, distrés moral y mala calidad del sueño. En el desempeño profesional, el burnout se vinculó principalmente con insatisfacción laboral, ambientes de práctica desfavorables, sobrecarga, intención de abandono y cuidados omitidos. La evidencia sobre eventos adversos objetivos fue limitada. Se concluye que el burnout coexiste con deterioro del bienestar psicológico y con condiciones laborales que pueden comprometer el cuidado, aunque el predominio de estudios transversales impide establecer causalidad.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Carolina Perdomo Peña, Isabella Osso Herrera, Kerly Alejandra González Hernández, Paula Andrea Toledo Pastrana, Adriana Guzmán Sánchez
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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