Análisis sobre la actividad científica referente a las estrategias de climatización pasiva usada en invernaderos: Parte 2: análisis técnico
Resumen
La producción agrícola en cultivos bajo invernadero cobra cada mas relevancia a nivel mundial, esto no es una excepción en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, donde cada año las áreas bajo este sistema de cultivo, crecen en superficie y en diversidad de cultivos. Así mismo los efectos del cambio climático o de algunos fenómenos de variabilidad climática, propician que en el interior de las principales estructuras de invernadero implementadas en algunas ocasiones se generen condiciones de microclima inadecuadas para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, afectado los rendimientos de los cultivos y por ende en la sostenibilidad de este tipo de sistemas de producción de alimentos. También es importante mencionar que, en algunos países subdesarrollados debido a la condición económica local, no es posible la implementación de sistemas de climatización activa, así mismo en países desarrollados donde esta practica ya esta establecida hace mas de 4 décadas, existe un interés permanente de reducir el uso de combustibles fósiles asociados a prácticas de climatización debido al costo económico y ambiental. Por lo tanto, en los últimos años han cobrado importancia las innovaciones tecnológicas que permiten la implementación de sistemas de climatización pasiva para la adecuación microclimatica de invernaderos. En este trabajo se realizó una recopilación de mas de 350 estudios desarrollados a nivel mundial desde el año 2005, de cado uno de estos trabajos se rescató y analizo la información técnica relevante. Los resultados encontrados permitieron identificar que el uso de estos sistemas puede aumentar la producción de hortalizas como el tomate en mas de un 35% y permiten reducir el uso de combustibles fósiles en mas del 50%, lo cual genera menores costos económico y ambientales, contribuyendo como tala a la sostenibilidad de la producción de alimentos.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Gloria Alexandra Ortiz Rocha;Adrian Nicolas Chamorro Medina;Linda Gómez Arias;John Fabio Acuña Caita;Edwin Villagran
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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