Metales pesados en músculo de caquetaia kraussii, sorubim cuspicaudus, cyphocharax magdalenae y prochilodus magdalenae y métodos de cocción: una mirada eco toxicológica en el norte de Colombia
Resumen
Se cuantificaron las concentraciones de Hg, Zn, Cd, Pb y Cu en el músculo de cuatro especies de pescado en función de los métodos de cocción; identificando riesgos potenciales a la salud de las poblaciones de La Mojana. Mediante amalgamación y espectroscopias de absorción atómica, de llama y en horno de grafito. Los metales más acumulados fueron Zn y Cu. La especie Cyphocharax magdalenae mostró las mayores concentraciones medias de Zn (8,79 ± 1,70 µg/g-1), Prochilodus magdalenae acumuló más Cd (0,067 ± 0,082µg/g-1) y Pb (0, 621 ± 0,577 µg/g-1), Caquetaia kraussii y Sorubim cuspicaudus presentaron las mayores concentraciones medias de Hg (0,388 ± 0,519 µg/g-1) y Cu (5,55 ± 5,49 µg/g-1). Los métodos de cocción guisado y frito para Hg y Zn en S. cuspicaudus, C. magdalenae y P. magdalenae mostraron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones finales. El análisis multivariable de PCA y CA jerárquico en los métodos de cocción sugiere dos grandes agrupaciones en el comportamiento y patrones de acumulación de metales: Hg y subgrupos (Cd-Pb) - (Cu-Zn). Los índices HI para el conjunto de métodos de cocción y especies mostraron un alto riesgo para la salud de la población debido a la exposición a Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb y Cu, por consumo de las especies estudiadas.
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