Evaluación de las fases del ciclo estral de la rata mediante frotis vaginales y mediciones hormonales
Resumen
El ciclo ovárico es el proceso de selección, maduración y crecimiento folicular hasta la ovulación y la preparación del útero para la gestación. Ocurre mediante la intercomunicación entre los ovocitos, las células de la granulosa, células de la teca y diversas células del sistema inmune y endócrino. Las funciones celulares están reguladas por las hormonas hipofisiarias: luteinizante (LH) y folículo estimulante (FSH), junto con los esteroides ováricos: estrógenos, andrógenos y progestágenos. Las variaciones en las concentraciones hormonales generan cambios físicos, cognitivos y emocionales en las hembras. Por lo que, al incluirlas como modelos en los protocolos de investigación, resulta necesario evaluar las fases y duración de los ciclos, pues estas variables pueden sesgar los resultados. Para el seguimiento de las fases se han desarrollado diferentes métodos, siendo la evaluación de la citología vaginal el más utilizado aunque poco preciso. Por el contrario, las mediciones hormonales séricas, urinarias, fecales o salivales son más precisas, pero costosas y tardadas. Consecuentemente, lo ideal sería la combinación de varias técnicas de evaluación. Sin embargo, la decisión dependerá de la naturaleza de cada experimento. Esta revisión describe, los mecanismos fisiológicos del ciclo estral y las hormonas que actúan en cada etapa. Describe el ciclo ovárico de la rata adulta, ya que es la especie más usada en el laboratorio como modelo experimental, incluye la evaluación de los cambios celulares del epitelio vaginal, describiendo las principales técnicas de tinción. Por último, refiere los métodos de medición hormonal más comunes con sus ventajas y desventajas.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Leonor Estela Hernández López;Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos;Erika Monserrat Estrada Camarena;Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos;Jorgelina Barrios De Tomasi
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.