Actualización diagnóstica y tratamiento de Celulitis Periorbitaria en el paciente pediátrico
Resumen
Introducción: La infección bacteriana de los tejidos blandos que rodean el ojo se denomina celulitis periorbitaria. Entre los niños, es una infección frecuente y potencialmente grave que puede dar lugar a complicaciones como abscesos y meningitis. El propósito de este estudio es llevar a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica disponible. sobre la celulitis periorbitaria en pacientes pediátricos, con la finalidad de caracterizar sus manifestaciones clínicas, las etiologías predominantes, los métodos de diagnóstico, las estrategias terapéuticas, y las potenciales complicaciones asociadas. La metodología adoptada implicó realizar una exploración bibliográfica en bases de datos especializadas en medicina como Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus y Google Scholar, utilizando términos de búsqueda tales como "celulitis periorbitaria", "children", "diagnosis" y "treatment". Se incluyeron únicamente estudios reportados en los últimos diez años, tanto en inglés como en español. Resultados: Los niños menores de 10 años son más propensos a desarrollar celulitis periorbitaria, debida a la propagación de infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior. Los síntomas incluyen dolor, enrojecimiento e hinchazón alrededor del ojo afectado, fiebre y malestar general. El diagnóstico se realiza principalmente mediante examen clínico y pruebas de laboratorio e imagenología. El tratamiento incluye antibióticos, en algunos casos, drenaje quirúrgico de abscesos. Las complicaciones incluyen pérdida de visión, abscesos intracraneales y meningitis. Conclusiones: La celulitis periorbitaria es una afección potencialmente grave en pacientes pediátricos, que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos para evitar complicaciones.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Ana Sofía Martínez Noriega ;Ana María García Lozano
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