Sobrecarga de trabajo en cuidadores de pacientes en cuidados paliativos oncológicos: Una revisión bibliográfica
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es determinar cuál es el impacto que provoca la sobrecarga de trabajo en los cuidadores de pacientes en cuidados paliativos oncológicos. Los criterios de inclusión son: estudios cuantitativos, observacionales, experimentales, retrospectivos, transversales, prospectivos, longitudinales, originales, comunicaciones breves, revisiones sistemáticas; realizados en inglés o español, en mayores de 21 años, en cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos en etapa terminal; los criterios de exclusión fueron: estudios en cuidadores de pacientes no oncológicos, incompletos, revisiones bibliográficas, entrevistas, tesis de pregrado, posgrado y doctorado, publicaciones anteriores al 2018. Se realizó la búsqueda de datos en: SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of science, Taylor and francis, el 14 y 15/04/2023 y se presentaron los datos mediante tablas. Se recopilaron 24 artículos observándose la asociación entre la CdV y factores como: los estados funcionales del paciente, la etapa y la velocidad de progresión de la enfermedad, el apoyo social, las necesidades insatisfechas. El factor psicológico de la CdV cuidador-paciente se correlacionó a la sobrecarga, los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos. Además, la pérdida de ingresos y la productividad se relacionaron a dificultades económicas y carga de desarrollo. Las estrategias de intervención que se observaron fueron la psicoeducación multicomponente, apoyo emocional, cognitivo-conductual, la capacitación y el desarrollo de habilidades, terapia de pareja, el apoyo en la toma de decisiones, mindfulness, las terapias combinadas, y los cuidados paliativos. Comprender las necesidades de los cuidadores y pacientes contribuye a mejorar y priorizar los servicios de cuidados paliativos por parte de los profesionales de salud.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Christian Gabriel Villa Clavijo;Milena Anabel Feijoo Espinosa;Wilson Christian Huayllasaca Sarmiento;Harman Steven Chávez Prieto4;Geovanna Patricia Cualchi Alvarracin
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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