Mucormicosis pulmonar asociada a SARS- CoV-2
Resumen
La infección fúngica invasiva provocada por hongos del orden Mucorales es conocida como mucormicosis. Esta enfermedad se ha convertido en una preocupación global debido a su alta tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad, especialmente en el contexto de la pandemia por el COVID-19. La revisión se enfoca en la incidencia, fisiopatología y factores de riesgo de la enfermedad, así como en los procedimientos de diagnóstico actuales. Se sugiere la necesidad de desarrollar ensayos más específicos y rentables, como los basados en PCR y anticuerpos monoclonales, para un diagnóstico eficaz. La revisión también aborda las opciones de tratamiento actuales, incluyendo terapias con medicamentos antimicóticos, adyuvantes y debridación quirúrgica, así como la importancia de la terapia basada en nutracéuticos. Además, se destaca la necesidad de explorar nuevas opciones de tratamiento, como la terapia basada en anticuerpos, citocinas y terapia antimicótica combinada/sinérgica. También señala las brechas de investigación actuales y la necesidad de desarrollar en el futuro estudios en el campo de la mucormicosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 .
Descargas
Citas
Agnihotri, A. K., Vij, M., Aruoma, O. I., Yagnik, V. D., Bahorun, T., Villamil, M. E., Menezes, G. A., & Gupta, V. (2021). The double trouble: COVID-19 associated mucormycosis a focused review and future perspectives. Global Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Update, 16, 4. https://doi.org/10.25259/gjmpbu_4_2021
Alanio, A., Garcia-Hermoso, D., Mercier-Delarue, S., Lanternier, F., Gits-Muselli, M., Menotti, J., Denis, B., Bergeron, A., Legrand, M., Lortholary, O., Bretagne, S., Maizel, J., Chouaki, T., Hunault, M., JBouchara, P., Sirodot, M., Gaillat, J., Blanc, X., Gobert, Q., … Mihaila, L. (2015). Molecular identification of Mucorales in human tissues: Contribution of PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21(6), 594.e1-594.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.01.017
Arora, U., Priyadarshi, M., Katiyar, V., Soneja, M., Garg, P., Gupta, I., Bharadiya, V., Berry, P., Ghosh, T., Patel, L., Sarda, R., Garg, S., Agarwal, S., Arora, V., Ramprasad, A., Kumar, A., Garg, R. K., Kodan, P., Nischal, N., … Wig, N. (2022). Risk factors for Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis. Journal of Infection, 84(3), 383–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.039
Bhatia, M. (2022). The rise of mucormycosis in Covid-19 patients in India. In Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy (Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 137–138). https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1960822
Biswal, M., Gupta, P., Kanaujia, R., Kaur, K., Kaur, H., Vyas, A., Hallur, V., Behera, B., Padaki, P., Savio, J., Nagaraj, S., Chunchanur, S. K., Shwetha, J. V., Ambica, R., Nagdeo, N., Khuraijam, R., Priyolakshmi, N., Patel, K., Thamke, D., … Chakrabarti, A. (2022). Evaluation of hospital environment for presence of Mucorales during COVID-19-associated mucormycosis outbreak in India – a multi-centre study. Journal of Hospital Infection, 122, 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.01.016
Carvajales Lozano, G., Carreño Anaya, A. B., Villalobos Ariza, M. A., Therán León, J. S., Esteban Badillo, L. Y., & Yee Acendra, A. H. (2021). Lo Que Sabemos al Dia de hoy en Las Americas. Hongo Negro What We Know Today in the America: Black Fungus. Archivos de Medicina. https://doi.org/10.3823/102
Chamilos, G., Lewis, R. E., & Kontoyiannis, D. P. (2008). Delaying amphotericin B-based frontline therapy significantly increases mortality among patients with hematologic malignancy who have zygomycosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47(4), 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1086/590004
Chandley, P., Subba, P., & Rohatgi, S. (2022). COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: A Matter of Concern Amid the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. In Vaccines (Vol. 10, Issue 8, p. 1266). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081266
Chavan, R. P., Ingole, S. M., Nazir, H. A., Desai, W. V., & Kanchewad, G. S. (2022). Mucormycosis in COVID-19 pandemic: study at tertiary hospital in India. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 279(6), 3201–3210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07282-1
Chiurlo, M., Mastrangelo, A., Ripa, M., & Scarpellini, P. (2021). Invasive fungal infections in patients with COVID-19: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes. New Microbiologica, 44(2), 71–83.
Chowdhary, A., Kathuria, S., Singh, P. K., Sharma, B., Dolatabadi, S., Hagen, F., & Meis, J. F. (2014). Molecular characterization and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 80 clinical isolates of mucormycetes in Delhi, India. Mycoses, 57(s3), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12234
Garg, D., Muthu, V., Sehgal, I. S., Ramachandran, R., Kaur, H., Bhalla, A., Puri, G. D., Chakrabarti, A., & Agarwal, R. (2021). Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature. Mycopathologia, 186(2), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-021-00528-2
Guideline for management of Mucormycosis in Covid – 19 patients. (n.d.). https://dghs.gov.in/WriteReadData/News/202105171119301555988MucormycosismanagementinCovid-19.pdf
Gupta, S. K., Jyotsana, P., Singh, A., Phuyal, D., & Allam, P. (2021). Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a covid-19 patient from nepal: A case report. Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 59(239), 703–705. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.6904
Hussain, S., Riad, A., Singh, A., Klugarová, J., Antony, B., Banna, H., & Klugar, M. (2021). Global prevalence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM): Living systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Fungi, 7(11), 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110985
John, T. M., Jacob, C. N., & Kontoyiannis, D. P. (2021). When uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe covid-19 converge: The perfect storm for mucormycosis. In Journal of Fungi (Vol. 7, Issue 4, p. 298). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040298
Khan, M., Adil, S. F., Alkhathlan, H. Z., Tahir, M. N., Saif, S., Khan, M., & Khan, S. T. (2020). COVID-19: A Global Challenge with Old History, Epidemiology and Progress So Far. In Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (Vol. 26, Issue 1, p. 39). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010039
Leeuw, N. J., Swart, C. W., Ncango, D. M., Kriel, W. M., Pohl, C. H., Van Wyk, P. W. J., & Kock, J. L. F. (2009). Anti-inflammatory drugs selectively target sporangium development in Mucor. In Canadian Journal of Microbiology (Vol. 55, Issue 12, pp. 1392–1396). https://doi.org/10.1139/W09-096
Lewis, R. E., Albert, N. D., Liao, G., Hou, J., Prince, R. A., & Kontoyiannis, D. P. (2010). Comparative pharmacodynamics of amphotericin B lipid complex and liposomal amphotericin B in a murine model of pulmonary mucormycosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 54(3), 1298–1304. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01222-09
López Almejo, L., Padilla Rojas, L. G., Garín Zertuche, D. E., & Dittmar Johnson, M. (2020). Coronavirus, la epidemia que cambió el mundo. Ortho-Tips, 16(2), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.35366/94533
Maurya, V. K., Kumar, S., Prasad, A. K., Bhatt, M. L. B., & Saxena, S. K. (2020). Structure-based drug designing for potential antiviral activity of selected natural products from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its cellular receptor. VirusDisease, 31(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-020-00598-8
Mrig, S., Sardana, K., Arora, P., Narula, V., Arora, S., Kapoor, A., Baruah, R. R., Sen, P., Agarwal, S., Sachdeva, S., Dewan, A., & Panesar, S. (2022). Adjunctive use of saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) in mucormycosis achieves favorable response, shortened dose and duration of amphotericin: A retrospective study from a COVID-19 tertiary care center. American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, 43(3), 103465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103465
Nagalli, S., & Kikkeri, N. S. (2021). Mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review of literature. In Infezioni in Medicina (Vol. 29, Issue 4, pp. 504–512). https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-2904-2
Nucci, M., Engelhardt, M., & Hamed, K. (2019). Mucormycosis in South America: A review of 143 reported cases. In Mycoses (Vol. 62, Issue 9, pp. 730–738). https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12958
Pandey, M., Singh, G., Agarwal, R., Dabas, Y., Jyotsna, V. P., Kumar, R., & Xess, I. (2018). Emerging rhizopus microsporus infections in India. In Journal of Clinical Microbiology (Vol. 56, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00433-18
Pasero, D., Sanna, S., Liperi, C., Piredda, D., Branca, G. Pietro, Casadio, L., Simeo, R., Buselli, A., Rizzo, D., Bussu, F., Rubino, S., & Terragni, P. (2021). A challenging complication following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case of pulmonary mucormycosis. Infection, 49(5), 1055–1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01561-x
Patel, A., Kaur, H., Xess, I., Michael, J. S., Savio, J., Rudramurthy, S., Singh, R., Shastri, P., Umabala, P., Sardana, R., Kindo, A., Capoor, M. R., Mohan, S., Muthu, V., Agarwal, R., & Chakrabarti, A. (2020). A multicentre observational study on the epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes of mucormycosis in India. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(7), 944.e9-944.e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.11.021
Pemán, J., Ruiz-Gaitán, A., García-Vidal, C., Salavert, M., Ramírez, P., Puchades, F., García-Hita, M., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., & Quindós, G. (2020). Fungal co-infection in COVID-19 patients: Should we be concerned? In Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia (Vol. 37, Issue 2, pp. 41–46). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2020.07.001
Perkhofer, S., Locher, M., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Rüchel, R., Würzner, R., Dierich, M. P., & Lass-Flörl, C. (2008). Posaconazole enhances the activity of amphotericin B against hyphae of zygomycetes in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52(7), 2636–2638. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00492-08
Prajapati, J., Rao, P., Poojara, L., Goswami, D., Acharya, D., Patel, S. K., & Rawal, R. M. (2021). Unravelling the antifungal mode of action of curcumin by potential inhibition of CYP51B: A computational study validated in vitro on mucormycosis agent, Rhizopus oryzae. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 712, 109048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2021.109048
Prakash, H., Ghosh, A. K., Rudramurthy, S. M., Singh, P., Xess, I., Savio, J., Pamidimukkala, U., Jillwin, J., Varma, S., Das, A., Panda, N. K., Singh, S., Bal, A., & Chakrabarti, A. (2019). A prospective multicenter study on mucormycosis in India: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Medical Mycology, 57(4), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy060
Roden, M. M., Zaoutis, T. E., Buchanan, W. L., Knudsen, T. A., Sarkisova, T. A., Schaufele, R. L., Sein, M., Sein, T., Chiou, C. C., Chu, J. H., Kontoyiannis, D. P., & Walsh, T. J. (2005). Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: A review of 929 reported cases. In Clinical Infectious Diseases (Vol. 41, Issue 5, pp. 634–653). https://doi.org/10.1086/432579
Rodrigues, M. L., & Nosanchuk, J. D. (2020). Fungal diseases as neglected pathogens: A wake-up call to public health officials. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(2), 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007964
Sahu, R. K., Salem-Bekhit, M. M., Bhattacharjee, B., Almoshari, Y., Ikbal, A. M. A., Alshamrani, M., Bharali, A., Salawi, A., Widyowati, R., Alshammari, A., & Elbagory, I. (2021). Mucormycosis in indian covid-19 patients: Insight into its patho-genesis, clinical manifestation, and management strategies. In Antibiotics (Vol. 10, Issue 9, p. 1079). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091079
Samsonova, M. V., Chernyayev, A. L., Lebedin, Y. S., Mikhaylichenko, K. Y., & Polivanova, A. E. (2018). Pulmonary mucormycosis. Pulmonologiya, 28(2), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-2-243-247
Schwarz, P., Schwarz, P. V, Felske-Zech, H., & Dannaoui, E. (2019). In vitro interactions between isavuconazole and tacrolimus, cyclosporin A or sirolimus against Mucorales. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 74(7), 1921–1927. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz102
Siguencia Chalén, J., García Huertas, D., López Valarezo, S., & Delgado Núñez, O. (2001). Mucormicosis rinocerebral: descripción de un caso clínico. Medicina (Guayaquil), 232–236.
Singh, A., Ahmad, N., Varadarajan, A., Vikram, N., Singh, T. P., Sharma, S., & Sharma, P. (2021). Lactoferrin, a potential iron-chelator as an adjunct treatment for mucormycosis – A comprehensive review. In International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (Vol. 187, pp. 988–998). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.156
Singh, R., & Kumari, A. (2021). Nasal Microbiota Imbalance as a Contributory Link in the Emergence of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis. In ACS Infectious Diseases (Vol. 7, Issue 8, pp. 2211–2213). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00371
Skiada, A., Lanternier, F., Groll, A. H., Pagano, L., Zimmerli, S., Herbrecht, R., Lortholary, O., & Petrikkos, G. L. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in patients with hematological malignancies: Guidelines from the 3rd European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL 3). Haematologica, 98(4), 492–504. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2012.065110
Smith, S. M., Boppana, A., Traupman, J. A., Unson, E., Maddock, D. A., Chao, K., Dobesh, D. P., Brufsky, A., & Connor, R. I. (2021). Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes, and obesity is associated with severe COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, 93(1), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26227
Soman, R., Chakraborty, S., & Joe, G. (2022). Posaconazole or isavuconazole as sole or predominant antifungal therapy for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. A retrospective observational case series. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 120, 177–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.009
Stone, N., Gupta, N., & Schwartz, I. (2021). Mucormycosis: time to address this deadly fungal infection. In The Lancet Microbe (Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp. e343–e344). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00148-8
Tsagkovits, A., Ioannidis, D., & Rokade, A. (2021). The microscope drape method to reduce aerosolisation during endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery in the COVID era. How i do it. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 278(2), 573–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06441-6
Verweij, P. E., González, G. M., Wiederhold, N. P., Lass-Flörl, C., Warn, P., Heep, M., Ghannoum, M. A., & Guinea, J. (2009). In vitro antifungal activity of isavuconazole against 345 mucorales isolates collected at study centers in eight countries. Journal of Chemotherapy, 21(3), 272–281. https://doi.org/10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.272
Derechos de autor 2023 Grace Estefanía Viera Taipe ;Andrea Carolina Cevallos Teneda
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
.jpg)
