Identificación de Microorganismos en Muestras Ambientales: Análisis Bioinformático del Gen 16S RRNA Mediante QIIME2
Resumen
La diversidad de microorganismos en el suelo es elevada y su identificación mediante el uso de técnicas tradicionales de cultivo resulta inadecuada y limitada para un elevado porcentaje de los mismos. En la actualidad se cuentan con tecnologías de secuenciamiento masivo del ADN que ha permitido, junto a otras técnicas y herramientas, incluyendo la bioinfomática, la identificación de microrganismos sin necesidad del uso de medios de cultivos. Sin embargo, la secuenciación masiva ha generado enormes cantidades de información que requiere ser analizada y por ende demanda un esfuerzo computacional considerable. Existen diversos programas bioinformáticos, basados en uno o varios lenguajes de programación, para el análisis molecular in silico de secuencias de ADN, e.g., MOTHUR, QIIME1, DADA2 y QIIME2. De estos, QIIME2, por sus siglas en inglés “Quantitative insights into microbial ecology”, es una herramienta frecuentemente empleada para el analisis datos de secuenciamiento de marcadores moleculares o genes funcionales, e.g., 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, ITS, COI, entre otros. Dada la importancia de éstas, y de la necesidad de acceso a este conocimiento en lenguaje español, en esta revisión se describe y detalla el flujo de trabajo para el análisis de secuencias del gen 16S rRNA provenientes de muestras ambientales empleando QIIME2.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Valetín Pérez Hernández , Mario Hernández Guzmán
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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