Cetoacidosis Diabética en Paciente femenina de 12 años con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Reporte de Caso
Palabras clave:
diabetes mellitus tipo 1, cetoacidosis diabética, cetonas, hiperglucemia
Resumen
La cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) es común en niños con diabetes tipo 1 de reciente aparición y se caracteriza por hiperglucemia, cetosis y acidosis. Además, la CAD se asocia con edema cerebral, que es la causa más común de muerte relacionada con la diabetes en niños. Si la diabetes se detecta tempranamente, se puede reducir la incidencia de CAD en su inicio. CAD) es el resultado final de la pérdida de producción de insulina, lo que lleva a un catabolismo profundo, aumento de la gluconeogénesis, glucólisis, lipólisis e hidrólisis de proteínas musculares, lo que lleva a hiperglucemia y diuresis osmótica. Los niveles elevados de hormonas contrarreguladoras provocan un aumento de la cetogénesis y la liberación de "cetonas" en la circulación, que se disocian y liberan iones de hidrógeno, provocando una acidosis grave. La deshidratación, la hiperglucemia y la cetoacidosis son signos de esta afección. Se reporta paciente femenina de 12 años que acude por presentar dolor abdominal, localizado en región hipogástrica y flanco derecho, Eva 7/10, se acompaña de vomito de contenido alimentario por 4 ocasiones, motivo por el cual acude a casa de salud mas cercana.
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Karges B, Schwandt A, Heidtmann B, Kordonouri O, Binder E, Schierloh U, et al. Association of insulin pump therapy vs insulin injection therapy with severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and glycemic control among children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2017 Oct 10;318(14):1358–66.
Vorgučin I, Savin M, Stanković Đ, Miljković D, Ilić T, Simić D, et al. Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Characteristics of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents during the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vojvodina. Medicina (Lithuania). 2022 Aug 1;58(8).
Todd Alonso G, Coakley A, Pyle L, Manseau K, Thomas S, Rewers A. Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Colorado children, 2010-2017. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan 1;43(1):117–21.
Ho J, Rosolowsky E, Pacaud D, Huang C, Lemay JA, Brockman N, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis at type 1 diabetes diagnosis in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Jun 1;22(4):552–7.
Lombardo F, Salzano G. Diabetic ketoacidosis as the onset of type 1 diabetes in children. Vol. 89, Acta Biomedica. Mattioli 1885; 2018. p. 5–6.
Jefferies CA, Nakhla M, Derraik JGB, Gunn AJ, Daneman D, Cutfield WS. Preventing Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Vol. 62, Pediatric Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders; 2015. p. 857–71.
Segerer H, Wurm M, Grimsmann JM, Karges B, Neu A, Sindichakis M, et al. Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2021 Jun 4;118(22):367–72.
Smuel-Zilberberg K, Shalitin S, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Phillip M, Nimri R. Diabetes ketoacidosis recovery in youth with newly diagnosed and established type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Res. 2022 Apr 1;91(5):1272–7.
Luciano TM, Halah MP, Sarti MTA, Floriano VG, da Fonseca BAL, Junior RDRL, et al. DKA and new-onset type 1 diabetes in Brazilian children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(1):88–91.
Zhang M, Wang X, Wang R, Shu J, Zhi X, Gu C, et al. Clinical study of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus children with ketoacidosis or microalbuminuria. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022 Jan 1;36(1).
Martin D, Elie C, Dossier C, Godot C, Gagnayre R, Choleau C, et al. Diabetes knowledge in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents and glycemic control. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017 Nov 1;18(7):559–65.
Duca LM, Wang B, Rewers M, Rewers A. Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes predicts poor long-term glycemic control. In: Diabetes Care. American Diabetes Association Inc.; 2017. p. 1249–55.
Choleau C, Maitre J, Filipovic Pierucci A, Elie C, Barat P, Bertrand AM, et al. Ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in French children and adolescents. Diabetes Metab. 2014;40(2):137–42.
Sildorf SM, Breinegaard N, Lindkvist EB, Tolstrup JS, Boisen KA, Teilmann GK, et al. Poor metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and psychiatric comorbidity. In: Diabetes Care. American Diabetes Association Inc.; 2018. p. 2289–96.
Shaltout AA, Channanath AM, Thanaraj TA, Omar D, Abdulrasoul M, Zanaty N, et al. Ketoacidosis at first presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children: A study from Kuwait. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 22;6.
Castellanos L, Tuffaha M, Koren D, Levitsky LL. Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Vol. 22, Pediatric Drugs. Adis; 2020. p. 357–67.
Sayed MH, Hegazi MA, Abdulwahed K, Moussa K, El-Deek BS, Gabel H, et al. Risk factors and predictors of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. J Diabetes. 2017 Feb 1;9(2):190–9.
Souza LCVF de, Kraemer G de C, Koliski A, Carreiro JE, Cat MNL, Lacerda L De, et al. DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AS THE INITIAL PRESENTATION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020;38:e2018204.
Jyh H, Adam MB, ll W. Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Malaysian children and adolescents. Vol. 10, Malaysian Family Physician. 2015.
Abraham MB, De Bock M, Smith GJ, Dart J, Fairchild JM, King BR, et al. Effect of a Hybrid Closed-Loop System on Glycemic and Psychosocial Outcomes in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;
Ehrmann ( D, Hermanns N, Hermanns N, Ehrmann D, Kulzer B, Roos T, et al. Risk factors and prevention strategies for diabetic ketoacidosis in people with established type 1 diabetes [Internet]. Vol. 8, Review Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020. Available from: www.thelancet.com/diabetes-endocrinology
Bilaloglu S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Jones S, Iturrate E, Hochman J, Berger JS. Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a New York City Health System. Vol. 324, JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. American Medical Association; 2020. p. 799–801.
Karges B, Schwandt A, Heidtmann B, Kordonouri O, Binder E, Schierloh U, et al. Association of insulin pump therapy vs insulin injection therapy with severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and glycemic control among children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2017 Oct 10;318(14):1358–66.
Vorgučin I, Savin M, Stanković Đ, Miljković D, Ilić T, Simić D, et al. Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Characteristics of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents during the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vojvodina. Medicina (Lithuania). 2022 Aug 1;58(8).
Todd Alonso G, Coakley A, Pyle L, Manseau K, Thomas S, Rewers A. Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Colorado children, 2010-2017. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan 1;43(1):117–21.
Ho J, Rosolowsky E, Pacaud D, Huang C, Lemay JA, Brockman N, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis at type 1 diabetes diagnosis in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Jun 1;22(4):552–7.
Lombardo F, Salzano G. Diabetic ketoacidosis as the onset of type 1 diabetes in children. Vol. 89, Acta Biomedica. Mattioli 1885; 2018. p. 5–6.
Publicado
2024-01-03
Cómo citar
Sánchez León , A. C., Samaniego Samaniego, A. C., Navas Luna, A. X., Sanjinés Rodríguez, M. J., & Rivas Ayora, G. V. (2024). Cetoacidosis Diabética en Paciente femenina de 12 años con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Reporte de Caso. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 7(6), 4421-4434. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i6.9003
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Derechos de autor 2024 Ana Cristhina Sánchez León , Ana Cristina Samaniego Samaniego, Alex Xavier Navas Luna, María José Sanjinés Rodríguez, Génesis Valeria Rivas Ayora
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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