Tarifas y Agua Virtual en Tres Cultivos del Distrito de Riego 003 Tula, Hidalgo, México
Resumen
El precio que pagan los productores por el agua no alcanza para recuperar los costos de operación y mantenimiento. Una política de precios puede contribuir a uso eficiente del agua, a mejoras en la tecnificación de riego y a la reconversión de cultivos de mayor valor. El objetivo fue determinar la tarifa del agua por dam3 para producir una tonelada de alfalfa, maíz grano y avena forrajera, en los diferentes módulos del distrito de riego 003 Tula, Hidalgo. El enfoque de la metodología fue cuantitativo a partir de datos de la cuota actual de riego, el rendimiento del cultivo y la lámina de riego. Los resultados sugieren que la tarifa calculada del agua es diferente para cada cultivo y para cada módulo de riego; en promedio, fue mayor para la avena forrajera, seguido del maíz grano y la alfalfa. Incrementar las cuotas de riego a medida que aumenta la demanda de agua representa un freno a esos incrementos. Sin embargo, incrementar las tarifas en el distrito de riego 003 no resultaría en una reconversión de cultivos debido a que la contaminación del agua les impide sembrar cultivos que requieren mejor calidad de agua.
Descargas
Citas
Aldaya, M. M., Martínez-Santos, P., & Llamas, M. R. (2010). Incorporating the water footprint and virtual water into policy: Reflections from the Mancha Occidental region, Spain. Water Resources Management, 24(5), 941–958. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11269-009-9480-8/METRICS
Arredondo, S. M., & Wilson, P. N. (2004). A farmer-centered analysis of irrigation management transfer in Mexico. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 18(1), 89–107.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:IRRI.0000019516.75955.1a
Bartolini, F., Gallerani, V., Raggi, M., & Viaggi, D. (2009). Water management and irrigated agriculture in Italy: multicriteria analysis of alternative policy scenarios. Water Policy, 12(1), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.158
Calatrava, J., & Garrido, A. (2010). Agricultural Water Pricing: EU and Mexico. In Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Agriculture. OECD Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264083578-12- es .
CONAGUA. (2020). Plan de Riego para el año agrícola 2020-2021.
Cornish, G., Bosworth, B., Perry, C., & Burke, J. (2004). Water Charging in Irrigated Agriculture. An Analysis of International Experience. FAO. https://www.fao.org/3/y5690e/y5690e00.htm
Dieu-Hang, T., Grafton, R. Q., Martínez-Espiñeira, R., & Garcia-Valiñas, M. (2017). Household adoption of energy and water-efficient appliances: An analysis of attitudes, labelling and complementary green behaviours in selected OECD countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 197, 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2017.03.070
Fagundes, T. S., & Marques, R. C. (2023). Challenges of recycled water pricing. Utilities Policy, 82, 101569. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JUP.2023.101569
Frederick, K. D. (2006). Irrigation efficiency, a key issue: more crops per drop. In Water Crisis: Myth or Reality Marcelino Botin Water Forum 2004. Taylor & Francis/Balkema.
Garrone, P., Grilli, L., & Marzano, R. (2019). Price elasticity of water demand considering scarcity and attitudes. Utilities Policy, 59, 100927. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JUP.2019.100927
Griffin, R. (2006). Water Pricing. In Water Resource Economics. The MIT Press. https://fundacionbotin.org/89dguuytdfr276ed_uploads/Observatorio Tendencias/PUBLICACIONES/LIBROS SEM INTERN/water crisis/librocompleto-watercrisis.pdf
Guerrero, H., Gómez, F., & Rodríguez, J. R. (2015). Water Pricing in Mexico: Pricing Structures and Implications. In A. Dinar, V. Pochat, & J. Albiac-Murillo (Eds.), Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations (pp. 231–247). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16465-6_12
Gurría, Á. (2008). Los precios del agua para la agricultura. La Exposición Internacional Zaragoza 2008. https://www.oecd.org/environment/lospreciosdelaguaparalaagricultura-observacionesdeangelgurriasecretariogeneraldelaocde.htm
Hoekstra, A. Y., & Chapagain, A. K. (2007). Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Integrated Assessment of Water Resources and Global Change, 21, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5591-1_3
Kang, S., Hao, X., Du, T., Tong, L., Su, X., Lu, H., Li, X., Huo, Z., Li, S., & Ding, R. (2017). Improving agricultural water productivity to ensure food security in China under changing environment: From research to practice. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 5–17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2016.05.007
Marston, L., & Konar, M. (2017). Drought impacts to water footprints and virtual water transfers of the Central Valley of California. Water Resources Research, 53(7), 5756–5773.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020251
Molle, F., & Berkoff, J. (2007). Water pricing in irrigation: The lifetime of an idea. Irrigation Water Pricing: The Gap Between Theory and Practice, 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845932923.0001
Momeni, M., Zakeri, Z., Esfandiari, M., Behzadian, K., Zahedi, S., & Razavi, V. (2019). Comparative analysis of agricultural water pricing between Azarbaijan Provinces in Iran and the state of California in the US: A hydro-economic approach. Agricultural Water Management, 223, 105724. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2019.105724
Momeni, M., Zakeri, Z., Zahedi, S., & Razavi, V. (2019). Investigation on water content of selected agricultural products of East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan. International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology, 9(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.2019.098163
Ríos-Flores, J. L., Torres Moreno, M., Ruiz Torres, J., & Torres Moreno, M. A. (2016). Efficiency and productivity of water irrigation in wheat (Triticum vulgare) from Ensenada and Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Acta Universitaria, 26(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2016.825
Santos, A. L., Palacios, E., Exebio, A., & Chalita, L. E. (2000). Metodología para evaluar la distribución de costos e ingresos relacionados con el servicio de riego. Agrociencia, 34(5), 639–649. https://agrociencia-colpos.org/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/68/68
Shen, D., Yu, X., & Shi, J. (2015). Introducing New Mechanisms into Water Pricing Reforms in China. In A. Dinar, V. Pochat, & J. Albiac-Murillo (Eds.), Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations (pp. 343–358). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16465-6_17
Shi-Kun, S., Pu-Te, W., Yu-Bao, W., & Xi-Ning, Z. (2013). The virtual water content of major grain crops and virtual water flows between regions in China. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(6), 1427–1437. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.5911
Su, X., Li, J., & Singh, V. P. (2014). Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Water Resources Based on Virtual Water Subdivision in Shiyang River Basin. Water Resources Management, 28(8), 2243–2257. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11269-014-0611-5/TABLES/6
Sun, S., Zhang, C. F., Li, X., Zhou, T., Wang, Y., Wu, P., & Cai, H. (2017). Sensitivity of crop water productivity to the variation of agricultural and climatic factors: A study of Hetao irrigation district, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 2562–2569.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2016.11.020
Toan, T. D. (2016). Water Pricing Policy and Subsidies to Irrigation: a Review. Environmental Processes, 3(4), 1081–1098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-016-0187-6
Wang, J., Huang, J., Zhang, L., Huang, Q., & Rozelle, S. (2010). Water governance and water use efficiency: The five principles of WUA management and performance in China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 46(4), 665–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00439.x
Wang, X., & Hu, J. (2015). Research on Virtual Water in the Chinese International Grain Trade. Modern Economy, 06(06), 735–746. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2015.66070
Xu, M., & Li, C. (2020a). Optimal Water Utilization and Allocation Strategy Based on Water Footprint Accounting. Application of the Water Footprint: Water Stress Analysis and Allocation, 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0234-7_11
Xu, M., & Li, C. (2020b). The Concepts of Virtual Water and Water Footprint. Application of the Water Footprint: Water Stress Analysis and Allocation, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0234-7_2
Zamani, O., Azadi, H., Mortazavi, S. A., Balali, H., Moghaddam, S. M., & Jurik, L. (2021). The impact of water-pricing policies on water productivity: Evidence of agriculture sector in Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 245, 106548. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2020.106548
Zhang, C., McBean, E. A., & Huang, J. (2014). A Virtual Water Assessment Methodology for Cropping Pattern Investigation. Water Resources Management, 28(8), 2331–2349.
Derechos de autor 2024 Jonathan Hernández Pérez , Juan Hernández Ortiz, Ramón Valdivia Alcalá , Oscar A. Arana Coronado
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
.jpg)
