Impacto de un programa neuropsicológico multicomponente en el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en niños ecuatorianos de 6 a 12 años
Resumen
Este estudio evaluó la efectividad de un programa neuropsicológico multicomponente (NEUROSTUDEM) de 18 meses en el fortalecimiento de habilidades matemáticas en niños ecuatorianos con discalculia. Se implementó un diseño cuasi-experimental con 180 participantes (6-12 años) distribuidos aleatoriamente en grupos experimental (n=90) y control (n=90). El programa integró diez componentes secuenciales enfocados en fortalecer circuitos neurocognitivos específicos que sustentan el procesamiento matemático. Se evaluaron cuatro dominios matemáticos (sentido numérico, cálculo básico, resolución de problemas y razonamiento matemático) y funciones ejecutivas, aplicando mediciones pre-intervención, intermedia y post-intervención. Los resultados revelaron efectos significativos en todos los componentes evaluados, con tamaños del efecto grandes (η² entre .13 y .37), particularmente en resolución de problemas y sentido numérico. Se identificaron correlaciones significativas entre mejoras en funciones ejecutivas y rendimiento matemático (r entre .318 y .569), con la memoria de trabajo visoespacial explicando 42.3% de las mejoras en razonamiento matemático. Los análisis evidenciaron patrones diferenciales de respuesta según edad, revelando ventanas de oportunidad específicas para distintos componentes matemáticos, con niños mayores beneficiándose más en razonamiento abstracto. Estos hallazgos fundamentan intervenciones neuropsicológicas personalizadas adaptadas a perfiles neurocognitivos específicos en contextos educativos latinoamericanos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 José Gerardo Guartatanga Rodríguez , Juan Pedro Valencia Cuenca, Evelyn Estefanía Chuchuca Zhuzhingo
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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