Aneurisma de la aorta abdominal: etiología y manifestaciones clínicas
Resumen
El aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) es una dilatación anormal y progresiva de la aorta por debajo de las arterias renales, cuya ruptura puede comprometer la vida del paciente. El tratamiento del AAA depende del tamaño, crecimiento, síntomas y condiciones del paciente, y puede abordarse mediante dos técnicas principales: la cirugía abierta (Open Surgical Repair, OSR) y la cirugía endovascular (EVAR, por sus siglas en inglés). La OSR consiste en una incisión abdominal para exponer la aorta, clampar el flujo y reemplazar el segmento aneurismático con un injerto sintético, a pesar que es una técnica eficaz tiene mayor morbilidad, requiere un periodo de recuperación más prolongado. Generalmente se destina para pacientes jóvenes, con bajo riesgo quirúrgico o anatomía desfavorable para EVAR. La cirugía EVAR es una técnica mínimamente invasiva que consiste en insertar un endoinjerto a través de las arterias femorales para excluir el aneurisma del flujo sanguíneo. Tiene ventajas como menor pérdida sanguínea, menor tiempo quirúrgico, menor estancia hospitalaria y una recuperación más rápida. Sin embargo, el seguimiento postoperatorio es más prolongado porque puede presentar complicaciones como endofugas, migración del injerto o necesidad de reintervenciones.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Edgar Sebastián López Zambrano , Diego Paul Toapanta Chimba, Jonathan Guillermo Villacís Castro, July Fernanda Alarcón Bermeo
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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