Cambio climático y enfermedades transmitidas por vectores: retos para la atención primaria en Latinoamérica
Resumen
Introducción: El cambio climático se ha convertido en un determinante estructural de la salud, con especial impacto en las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre cambio climático y enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en la región, y discutir los principales retos y estrategias para la atención primaria en salud (APS). Metodología: Revisión narrativa de literatura publicada entre 2010 y 2024 en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS, complementada con documentos de la OMS, OPS y el IPCC. Se incluyeron estudios que abordaran el impacto del cambio climático sobre enfermedades vectoriales en América Latina y su relación con la APS. mResultados: Se incluyeron 67 documentos que evidencian un incremento sostenido de arbovirosis (dengue, chikungunya, zika), rebrotes de malaria en la cuenca amazónica, aumento de casos de leishmaniasis asociados a deforestación y persistencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en áreas urbanas. Los mecanismos principales son el aumento de la temperatura, variaciones en precipitación, fenómenos extremos y cambios en el uso del suelo. Los retos para la APS incluyen vigilancia epidemiológica débil, diagnóstico limitado, inequidades en el acceso, deficiencias en talento humano, escasa integración del enfoque Una Salud y financiamiento inestable. Conclusiones: Fortalecer la APS mediante vigilancia integrada, acceso a diagnóstico rápido, control vectorial comunitario, capacitación continua, innovación digital y financiamiento sostenible es fundamental para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático en las enfermedades vectoriales en Latinoamérica.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Karen Viviana galvis Rodríguez , Daniela Lucia Del Rio Carmona , Henry Augusto Molano Agudelo, Leidy Paola Torres Chaparro , Juan Camilo Mejía Villalobos , Valentina Monroy Reyes , Diana Carolina Garrido Garrido, Brian Emilio Giraldo Sangregorio
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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