Neurociencia de la Toma de Decisiones: Mecanismos Cerebrales, Modulación Neurotransmisora y Desafíos de la Neurotecnología en la Era Digital
Resumen
Esta revisión narrativa explora el papel crucial de las neurociencias en la comprensión de la toma de decisiones y el comportamiento humano. Se examina la interacción dinámica entre las regiones cerebrales clave, destacando a la corteza prefrontal (CPF) como el centro del control ejecutivo, la evaluación de opciones y la regulación emocional. Se analiza su vulnerabilidad en la adolescencia y se detalla cómo otras estructuras colaboran en el proceso: la amígdala, que influye en las decisiones emocionales y el riesgo; el hipocampo, que integra la información espacial y contextual; y el núcleo accumbens, esencial para la motivación y la recompensa. Además, se discute cómo neurotransmisores clave (dopamina, serotonina y otros) modulan estos procesos al influir en la motivación, el estado de ánimo y la impulsividad. La revisión también aborda las aplicaciones prácticas en campos como la educación y la salud, y discute los desafíos éticos de las neurotecnologías y los retos impuestos por la era digital en la atención y memoria de trabajo. Finalmente, se concluye enfatizando la necesidad de enfoques multimodales y el uso de la inteligencia artificial para una comprensión más completa de los mecanismos cerebrales subyacentes a la toma de decisiones.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan Parra Abarca, Petra Baldivia Noyola, Hugo Baltazar Pérez Palacios, Hugo Arellanes Robledo, Leopoldo Rodríguez Matías
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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