Prevención de Tosferina Infantil en el Primer Nivel de Atención
Palabras clave:
inmunización, tosterina, vacunación
Resumen
Introducción. La tosferina continúa siendo una causa relevante de morbilidad y mortalidad en lactantes, especialmente en menores de dos meses, quienes aún no han completado su esquema de vacunación. Objetivo. Determinar la prevención de tosferina infantil en el primer nivel de atención mediante la aplicación de un instrumento validado. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 100 cuidadores seleccionados por conveniencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario adaptado y validado, que evaluó conocimiento, actitudes (percepción de riesgo, beneficios y expectativas), norma subjetiva, control percibido, intención de vacunación y prácticas preventivas. El análisis incluyó frecuencias, porcentajes y estadísticos descriptivos. Resultados. La muestra estuvo conformada principalmente por mujeres (75.0%), con edad media de 30.56 años (DE = 11.24), mayoritariamente con educación primaria (47.0%) y residentes en áreas urbanas (73.0%). Se evidenció conocimiento adecuado sobre la tosferina y su prevención, actitudes mayoritariamente favorables, fuerte influencia del personal de salud en la norma subjetiva, control percibido moderado–alto con barreras relacionadas con horarios y costos, alta intención de vacunación y prácticas preventivas predominantemente positivas, aunque con participación moderada en programas del primer nivel. Conclusiones. Existe un escenario favorable para fortalecer estrategias de prevención de la tosferina infantil en el primer nivel de atención, lideradas por enfermería, mediante educación sanitaria adaptada, oferta activa de vacunación y mejora en la accesibilidad de los servicios, con el fin de incrementar la protección de los lactantes más vulnerables.
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Decker, M., y Edwards, K. (2021). Pertussis (Whooping Cough). J. Infect. Dis, 224(12), S310–S320. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa469.
Di Camilo, C., Vittucci, A., Antilici, L., Ciarlitto, C., Linardos, G., Concato, C., . . . Villani, A. (2021). Pertussis in early life: Underdiagnosed, severe, and risky disease. A seven-year experience in a pediatric tertiary-care hospital. Hum. Vaccines Immunother, 17(3), 705-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1791617
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Leontari, K., Lianou, A., Tsantes, A., Filippatos, F., Iliodromiti, Z., y Boutsikou, T. (2025). Pertussis in Early Infancy: Diagnostic Challenges, Disease Burden, and Public Health Implications Amidst the 2024 Resurgence, with Emphasis on Maternal Vaccination Strategies. Vaccines, 13(3), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030276
López-Zambrano, M., Sánchez-Gómez, A., Lasheras, M., Gutierrez, M., Cañellas, S., Vazquez, M., y Molina, M. (2025). Trend and factors associated to pertussis and influenza vaccination in pregnant women in Madrid, Spain, 2018–2023 – a retrospective cohort study. Vaccine, 68(5), 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127895
Ługowski, F., Babinska, J., Urban, A., Kacperczyk-Bartnik, J., y Bartnik, P. (2025). Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention to Receive the Pertussis Vaccine in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 13(23), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233139
Marchal, C., Belhassen, M., Guiso, N., Jacoud, F., Cohen, R., y Le Pannerer, M. (2022). Cocooning strategy: Pertussis vaccination coverage rate of parents with a new-born in 2016 and 2017 in France. Front. Pediatr, 10(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.988674
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Nguyen, H., Tran, N., Pham, Q., y Cao, H. (2025). Safety Evaluation of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) During Pregnancy Among Vietnamese Women. Vaccines, 13(10), 1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13101036
Nordholm, A., Emborg, H., Norgaard, S., Nygaard, U., Ronayne, A., Nielsen, L., . . . Dalby, T. (2024). Pertussis epidemic in Denmark, August 2023 to February 2024. Euro Surveill. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull, 29(14), 2400160. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.14.2400160
Oguz, M., y Senel, S. (2024). Effectiveness of cocoon strategy vaccination on prevention of influenza-like illness in young infants. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 20(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2024.2350090
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2024). Tos ferina: https://www.paho.org/es/temas/tos-ferina
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Poeta, M., Moracas, C., Albano, C., Petrarca, L., Maglione, M., Pierri, L., y Carta, M. (2024). Pertussis outbreak in neonates and young infants across Italy, January to May 2024: Implications for vaccination strategies. Euro Surveill. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull, 29(23), 2400301. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.23.2400301
Stein, R., y Zar, H. (2023). RSV through the COVID-19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future. Pediatr. Pulmonol, 58(6), 1631–1639. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26370
Wang, M., Li, M., Li, X., Chen, X., Jiang, F., Kezhong, A., y Wang, Z. (2022). Intention and Attitude to Accept a Pertussis Cocooning Vaccination among Chinese Children’s Guardians: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(23), 16282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316282
Wang, Y., Pan, J., Li, X., Liu, Z., Zhao, Q., Luo, L., . . . Jiang, F. (2022). ARIMA and ARIMA-ERNN models for prediction of pertussis incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2021. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1447. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13872-9
Widdershoven, V., Reijs, R., y Eskes, A. (2023). Acceptance of vaccination against pertussis, COVID-19 and influenza during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 23(8), 219. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05505-9
Zhang, X., Zhao, T., Xie, T., Zhang, S., Xu, Q., y Cheng, Y. (2025). Tracking the progress of maternal pertussis vaccination coverage among upper-middle- and high-income countries and territories — a systematic review and modeling study. eClinicalMedicine, 90(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103651
Costta, M., Acebo, J., Aguinaga, F., Arnao, N., Moreno, C., Yerovi, S., . . . Campoverde, C. (2025). Recomendaciones para la prevención de la tosferina por la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Microbiología Médica e Infectología Pediátrica (SEMMIP), Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Pediatría, Filial Pichincha (SEPP), Asociación de Neonatólogos de Ecuador (ASNEO Ecuador). MetroCiencia, 33(2), 47-51. https://www.revistametrociencia.com.ec/index.php/revista/article/view/811
David, W., Kimberlin, M., Banerjee, R., Barnett, D., Lynfield, R., y Sawyer, M. (2024). Pertussis (Whooping Cough). In Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (33 ed.). Itasca, IL, USA: American Academy of Pediatrics.
Decker, M., y Edwards, K. (2021). Pertussis (Whooping Cough). J. Infect. Dis, 224(12), S310–S320. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa469.
Di Camilo, C., Vittucci, A., Antilici, L., Ciarlitto, C., Linardos, G., Concato, C., . . . Villani, A. (2021). Pertussis in early life: Underdiagnosed, severe, and risky disease. A seven-year experience in a pediatric tertiary-care hospital. Hum. Vaccines Immunother, 17(3), 705-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1791617
Dilange, L., El Belghiti, F., Demiguel, V., Anselem, O., Regnault, N., Le Ray, C., . . . Vaux, S. (2025). Pertussis vaccination coverage in women at two months postpartum and associated factors in France, National Perinatal Survey 2021. Vaccine, 43(1), 126502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126502
Hansen, B., Winje, B., Stålcrantz, J., y Greve-Isdahl, M. (2024). Predictors of maternal pertussis vaccination acceptance among pregnant women in Norway. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 20(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2024.2361499
Hiiragi, K., Obata, S., Yamamoto, M., Shimura, M., Akamatsu, C., Tochio, A., . . . Kiyose, A. (2025). Survey on Awareness and Attitudes Toward Maternal Immunization Against Influenza, Pertussis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Group B Streptococcus Among Pregnant Women in Japan. Vaccines, 13(8), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080779
Immink, M., van Zoonen, K., y Jager, N. (2023). Maternal vaccination against pertussis as part of the national immunization program: a qualitative evaluation among obstetric care providers one year after the implementation in December 2019. BMC Health Serv Res , 23(4), 311. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09274-1
Leontari, K., Lianou, A., Tsantes, A., Filippatos, F., Iliodromiti, Z., y Boutsikou, T. (2025). Pertussis in Early Infancy: Diagnostic Challenges, Disease Burden, and Public Health Implications Amidst the 2024 Resurgence, with Emphasis on Maternal Vaccination Strategies. Vaccines, 13(3), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030276
López-Zambrano, M., Sánchez-Gómez, A., Lasheras, M., Gutierrez, M., Cañellas, S., Vazquez, M., y Molina, M. (2025). Trend and factors associated to pertussis and influenza vaccination in pregnant women in Madrid, Spain, 2018–2023 – a retrospective cohort study. Vaccine, 68(5), 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127895
Ługowski, F., Babinska, J., Urban, A., Kacperczyk-Bartnik, J., y Bartnik, P. (2025). Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention to Receive the Pertussis Vaccine in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 13(23), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233139
Marchal, C., Belhassen, M., Guiso, N., Jacoud, F., Cohen, R., y Le Pannerer, M. (2022). Cocooning strategy: Pertussis vaccination coverage rate of parents with a new-born in 2016 and 2017 in France. Front. Pediatr, 10(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.988674
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. (2025). SUBSECRETARIADEVIGILANCIA,PREVENCIÓNYCONTROLDELASALUD: https://www.salud.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Eventos-Tosferina-DNVE-SE-20.pdf
Nguyen, H., Tran, N., Pham, Q., y Cao, H. (2025). Safety Evaluation of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) During Pregnancy Among Vietnamese Women. Vaccines, 13(10), 1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13101036
Nordholm, A., Emborg, H., Norgaard, S., Nygaard, U., Ronayne, A., Nielsen, L., . . . Dalby, T. (2024). Pertussis epidemic in Denmark, August 2023 to February 2024. Euro Surveill. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull, 29(14), 2400160. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.14.2400160
Oguz, M., y Senel, S. (2024). Effectiveness of cocoon strategy vaccination on prevention of influenza-like illness in young infants. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 20(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2024.2350090
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2024). Tos ferina: https://www.paho.org/es/temas/tos-ferina
Ortiz, V., Itusaca, N., Ulloa, L., Vela, J., Desposorio-Robles, J., y Alatrista, M. (2024). Estudio comparativo de guías de atención prenatal en Latinoamérica. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez, 84(2), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.51288/00840209
Poeta, M., Moracas, C., Albano, C., Petrarca, L., Maglione, M., Pierri, L., y Carta, M. (2024). Pertussis outbreak in neonates and young infants across Italy, January to May 2024: Implications for vaccination strategies. Euro Surveill. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull, 29(23), 2400301. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.23.2400301
Stein, R., y Zar, H. (2023). RSV through the COVID-19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future. Pediatr. Pulmonol, 58(6), 1631–1639. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26370
Wang, M., Li, M., Li, X., Chen, X., Jiang, F., Kezhong, A., y Wang, Z. (2022). Intention and Attitude to Accept a Pertussis Cocooning Vaccination among Chinese Children’s Guardians: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(23), 16282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316282
Wang, Y., Pan, J., Li, X., Liu, Z., Zhao, Q., Luo, L., . . . Jiang, F. (2022). ARIMA and ARIMA-ERNN models for prediction of pertussis incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2021. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1447. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13872-9
Widdershoven, V., Reijs, R., y Eskes, A. (2023). Acceptance of vaccination against pertussis, COVID-19 and influenza during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 23(8), 219. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05505-9
Zhang, X., Zhao, T., Xie, T., Zhang, S., Xu, Q., y Cheng, Y. (2025). Tracking the progress of maternal pertussis vaccination coverage among upper-middle- and high-income countries and territories — a systematic review and modeling study. eClinicalMedicine, 90(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103651
Publicado
2026-03-18
Cómo citar
Cujilema Duchi, A. D., Herrais Machuca, K. A., & Román Relica, L. G. (2026). Prevención de Tosferina Infantil en el Primer Nivel de Atención. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 10(C. Salud), 18-38. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v10iC. Salud.22874
Número
Sección
Ciencias de la Salud
Derechos de autor 2026 Anthony Damian Cujilema Duchi, Kenny Alexander Herrais Machuca, Laura Geanella Román Relica
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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