Carga postural y Trastornos Musculoesqueléticos en Fisioterapeutas: Una Revisión de la Literatura
Resumen
Los fisioterapeutas enfrentan un riesgo elevado de desarrollar trastornos musculoesqueléticos debido a las exigencias físicas de su trabajo diario. Esta revisión analizó la literatura publicada entre 2020 y 2025 para determinar la prevalencia, los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de prevención de estos trastornos en dichos profesionales. Se revisaron 42 estudios provenientes de diversos países. Los resultados indican que entre el 67% y el 92% de los fisioterapeutas reportan dolor o molestias musculoesqueléticas cada año. La zona lumbar es la más afectada (67,8%), seguida del cuello (53,6%) y los hombros (46,9%). Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen la movilización manual de pacientes, el mantenimiento prolongado de posturas incómodas, jornadas laborales superiores a 40 horas semanales y la falta de equipamiento adecuado. Las intervenciones más efectivas son los programas de ejercicio terapéutico, la capacitación en ergonomía y la adecuación de los espacios de trabajo. Se concluye que este problema constituye una amenaza significativa para la salud y el desempeño de los fisioterapeutas, por lo que requiere atención prioritaria por parte de las instituciones empleadoras.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Guillermo Vega Rivera , Deysi Díaz Ramos, Lucinda Yuliana Noriega Ramos, Sarina Ramos Zuñiga, Yuli Magali Munive Cipriano
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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