Técnica flapless versus cirugía convencional con colgajo en implantología oral: evaluación de morbilidad postoperatoria, estabilidad primaria y rehabilitación protésica. Reporte de serie de casos
Resumen
La técnica flapless o cirugía sin levantamiento de colgajo representa un enfoque mínimamente invasivo en implantología oral que preserva la vascularización periostal, reduce la morbilidad postoperatoria y optimiza los tiempos de recuperación y rehabilitación protésica. El presente estudio, de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y diseño de serie de casos, tuvo como objetivo comparar los resultados clínicos de la técnica flapless con cirugía guiada digitalmente y la técnica convencional con colgajo en la colocación de implantes dentales. La muestra estuvo conformada por tres pacientes femeninas parcialmente edéntulas atendidas en el Servicio de Implantología Oral de la Universidad Westhill, en quienes se colocaron un total de seis implantes del sistema Adin: tres mediante técnica convencional con colgajo (Paciente 1, región maxilar) y tres mediante técnica flapless guiada (Pacientes 2 y 3, región mandibular). Las variables evaluadas incluyeron torque de inserción (estabilidad primaria), dolor postoperatorio mediante Escala Visual Análoga (EVA), edema, hematoma, integridad del tejido blando periimplantario, tiempo de cicatrización y satisfacción del paciente. Los resultados mostraron que la técnica flapless logró un torque de inserción promedio de 45 Ncm, dolor leve en las primeras 24 horas, ausencia de edema y hematoma, cicatrización gingival en dos semanas y eliminación de la cirugía de segunda fase. La técnica convencional registró dolor moderado, edema significativo, hematoma presente, cicatrización en cuatro semanas y necesidad de destape quirúrgico previo a la fase protésica. Ambos grupos alcanzaron satisfacción global satisfactoria; sin embargo, los pacientes del grupo flapless mostraron mayor disposición a repetir el tratamiento. Se concluye que la técnica flapless, cuando se aplica con planificación digital precisa y selección adecuada del caso clínico, ofrece ventajas clínicas relevantes sin comprometer la supervivencia ni la osteointegración del implante.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ricardo Paz Gamez , Alejandra Martínez Maldonado, Rodrigo Hernández Girón
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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