Artículo de Revisión: La Relación Obesidad Asma en Adultos Indicaciones para el Manejo y Prevencion
Palabras clave:
asma, obesidad, sobrepeso
Resumen
A pesar de que la obesidad y el asma son problemas importantes de la salud, el exceso de peso puede afectar directamente al fenotipo del asma a través de varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos, incluyendo la afectación mecánica de la vía aérea, la producción de citocinas proinflamatorias por el tejido adiposo y la modulación de la expresión de genes compartidos. Por lo tanto, la obesidad puede exacerbar la sintomatología del asma y contribuir a un control inadecuado de la enfermedad. Dado el propósito de ofrecer una revisión actualizada sobre el manejo y prevención de pacientes asmáticos con obesidad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y la búsqueda de artículos se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, utilizando la declaración PRISMA seleccionando publicaciones de los últimos cinco años, se obtuvieron 12 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión concluyendo que la pérdida del peso disminuye los síntomas, mejora la función pulmonar y reduce el uso de fármacos antiasmáticos.
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Dixon, A., Kathryn , B., & Emily, D. (2021). The challenge of addressing obesity in people with poorly controlled asthma. Obesity Science & Practice, 7, 682-689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.533
Endrigue, T., Lunardi, A., Freitas, P., Silva, R., Mendes, F., França Pinto, A., . . . Carvalho, C. (2023). Characteristics of individuals with moderate to severe asthma who better respond to aerobic training: a cluster analysis. Journal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 49(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20220225
Foer, D., Erick, F., Fernando, H., & Katherine, C. (2024). Weight Loss Interventions for Adults With Obesity-Related Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Inmunology in Practice, 12(4), 840-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2023.12.041
Hassan, M., Davies, S., Samuel, T., & Adel M. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of adherence to controller therapy in adult patients with severe/difficult-to-treat asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Asthma, 57, 1379-1388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2019.1645169
Huang, Y.-J., Chu, Y.-C., Chen, C.-W., Yang, H.-C., Huang, H.-L., Hwang, J.-S., . . . Chan, T.-C. (2022). Relationship among genetic variants, obesity traits and asthma in the Taiwan Biobank. British Medical Journal, 9(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001355
Kopsaftis, Z., Shan Yap, H., Saw Tin, K., Hnin, K., & Carson Chahhoud, K. (2021). Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma. Cochrane Library. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001496.pub2
Kuder, M., & Sharmilee, N. (2020). Optimizing lifestyle interventions in adult patients with comorbid asthma and obesity. Sage Journals, 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620906323
Lin, T., Mao, H., Huang, S., & Xie, Z. (2024). Association between asthma and visceral adipose tissue in adults, a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74297-5
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Murillo Zavala, A. M., Chica Bravo, G. M., Franco Alvarado, I. E., & Vélez Castro, J. B. (2025). Marcadores tempranos en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos: Revisión bibliográfica. Arandu UTIC, 12(1), 4465–4479. https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v12i1.905
Colmán López, M. C. (2025). La inteligencia artificial en la creación artística: Análisis de su influencia en la producción cultural. I+D Internacional Revista Científica Y Académica , 4(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.63636/3078-1639.v4.n1.26
Fernández Sánchez , D. (2025). Implementación de Algoritmos de Machine Learning para la Detección Temprana de Fraude en Transacciones Electrónicas. Ciencia Y Reflexión, 4(1), 2652–2667. https://doi.org/10.70747/cr.v4i1.285
Valdivieso Rezabala, R. S. (2025). Evaluación del Aprovechamiento de los Productos Forestales no Maderables en Tres Recintos de la Parroquia Campozano, Cantón Paján, Manabí, Ecuador. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 9(2), 7941-7959. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i2.17513
Pérez Gallegos , S. J., & Domínguez Marín, M. J. (2025). La Importancia de Contar con un Perfil Competitivo en Psicólogos que Atienden a Estudiantes Universitarios. Estudios Y Perspectivas Revista Científica Y Académica , 5(2), 881–895. https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a.v5i2.1166
Jiménez Gómez, R. (2025). Análisis de la Heterogeneidad Estructural de las Regiones de Costa Rica. Ciencia Y Reflexión, 4(2), 37–66. https://doi.org/10.70747/cr.v4i2.244
OMS. (2025). Obesidad y sobrepeso. Who.int: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Peerboom, S., S, G., L, S., V, P., M, H., & C, S. (2020). Predictors of a good response to inhaled corticosteroids in obesity-associated asthma. Biochemical Pharmacology, 179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113994
Piché, M. E., Tchernof, A., & Després , J. P. (2020). Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation Research, 126(11), 1477-1500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101
Pomar, M. D., Rodríguez Urgellés, E., Sastre Belío, M., Martín Lorenzo, A., Schnecke, V., Segú, L., . . . Vilarrasa , N. (2025). Assessment of the Potential Clinical and Economic Impact of Weight Loss in the Adult Population with Obesity and Associated Comorbidities in Spain. Advances in Therapy, 42, 1265–1282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-024-03094-3
Santos, A., Helena, P., Cláudia, C.-L., Sílvia, R., & Luís, T. (2021). Metabolic Phenotypes in Asthmatic Adults: Relationship with Inflammatory and Clinical Phenotypes and Prognostic Implications. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080534
Sharma, V., Helen, R., Louise, M., & Rekha , C. (2023). A Total Diet Replacement Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma Associated With Obesity. CHEST Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.015
Sharma, V., Helen, R., Louise, M., & Rekha, C. (2025). A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity. CHEST Journal, 167(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.09.042
Sharma, V., Helen, R., Louise, M., & Rekha, C. (2025). A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity. CHEST Journal, 167(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.09.042
Sturesson, A., Linnea, H., Caroline , S., Anne , L., Eva , R., & Helena , B. (2023). Obesity associates with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107301
Türk, Y., Willy , T., & Astrid van, H. (2020). Short-term and long-term effect of a high-intensity pulmonary rehabilitation programme in obese patients with asthma: a randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal, 56(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01820-2019
Türk, Y., Willy, T., & Astrid van, H. (2020). Short-term and long-term effect of a high-intensity pulmonary rehabilitation programme in obese patients with asthma: a randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal, 56(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01820-2019
Wang, Y., Beydoun, M., Min, J., Xue, H., Kaminsky, L., & Cheskin , L. (2020). Has the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity levelled off in the United States? Trends, patterns, disparities, and future projections for the obesity epidemic . International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(3), 810–823. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz273
Dixon, A., Kathryn , B., & Emily, D. (2021). The challenge of addressing obesity in people with poorly controlled asthma. Obesity Science & Practice, 7, 682-689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.533
Endrigue, T., Lunardi, A., Freitas, P., Silva, R., Mendes, F., França Pinto, A., . . . Carvalho, C. (2023). Characteristics of individuals with moderate to severe asthma who better respond to aerobic training: a cluster analysis. Journal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 49(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20220225
Foer, D., Erick, F., Fernando, H., & Katherine, C. (2024). Weight Loss Interventions for Adults With Obesity-Related Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Inmunology in Practice, 12(4), 840-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2023.12.041
Hassan, M., Davies, S., Samuel, T., & Adel M. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of adherence to controller therapy in adult patients with severe/difficult-to-treat asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Asthma, 57, 1379-1388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2019.1645169
Huang, Y.-J., Chu, Y.-C., Chen, C.-W., Yang, H.-C., Huang, H.-L., Hwang, J.-S., . . . Chan, T.-C. (2022). Relationship among genetic variants, obesity traits and asthma in the Taiwan Biobank. British Medical Journal, 9(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001355
Kopsaftis, Z., Shan Yap, H., Saw Tin, K., Hnin, K., & Carson Chahhoud, K. (2021). Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma. Cochrane Library. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001496.pub2
Kuder, M., & Sharmilee, N. (2020). Optimizing lifestyle interventions in adult patients with comorbid asthma and obesity. Sage Journals, 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620906323
Lin, T., Mao, H., Huang, S., & Xie, Z. (2024). Association between asthma and visceral adipose tissue in adults, a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74297-5
Listyoko, A. S., Okazaki, R., Harada, T., & Inui, G. (2024). Impact of obesity on airway remodeling in asthma: pathophysiological insights and clinical implications. 5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1365801
Liu, S., Zhang, H., & Lan, Z. (2024). Associations of obesity with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and mortality in adults: a population-based investigation. BMC Public Health 24 , 1300 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18782-6(1300). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18782-6
Murillo Zavala, A. M., Chica Bravo, G. M., Franco Alvarado, I. E., & Vélez Castro, J. B. (2025). Marcadores tempranos en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos: Revisión bibliográfica. Arandu UTIC, 12(1), 4465–4479. https://doi.org/10.69639/arandu.v12i1.905
Colmán López, M. C. (2025). La inteligencia artificial en la creación artística: Análisis de su influencia en la producción cultural. I+D Internacional Revista Científica Y Académica , 4(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.63636/3078-1639.v4.n1.26
Fernández Sánchez , D. (2025). Implementación de Algoritmos de Machine Learning para la Detección Temprana de Fraude en Transacciones Electrónicas. Ciencia Y Reflexión, 4(1), 2652–2667. https://doi.org/10.70747/cr.v4i1.285
Valdivieso Rezabala, R. S. (2025). Evaluación del Aprovechamiento de los Productos Forestales no Maderables en Tres Recintos de la Parroquia Campozano, Cantón Paján, Manabí, Ecuador. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 9(2), 7941-7959. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i2.17513
Pérez Gallegos , S. J., & Domínguez Marín, M. J. (2025). La Importancia de Contar con un Perfil Competitivo en Psicólogos que Atienden a Estudiantes Universitarios. Estudios Y Perspectivas Revista Científica Y Académica , 5(2), 881–895. https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a.v5i2.1166
Jiménez Gómez, R. (2025). Análisis de la Heterogeneidad Estructural de las Regiones de Costa Rica. Ciencia Y Reflexión, 4(2), 37–66. https://doi.org/10.70747/cr.v4i2.244
OMS. (2025). Obesidad y sobrepeso. Who.int: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Peerboom, S., S, G., L, S., V, P., M, H., & C, S. (2020). Predictors of a good response to inhaled corticosteroids in obesity-associated asthma. Biochemical Pharmacology, 179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113994
Piché, M. E., Tchernof, A., & Després , J. P. (2020). Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation Research, 126(11), 1477-1500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101
Pomar, M. D., Rodríguez Urgellés, E., Sastre Belío, M., Martín Lorenzo, A., Schnecke, V., Segú, L., . . . Vilarrasa , N. (2025). Assessment of the Potential Clinical and Economic Impact of Weight Loss in the Adult Population with Obesity and Associated Comorbidities in Spain. Advances in Therapy, 42, 1265–1282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-024-03094-3
Santos, A., Helena, P., Cláudia, C.-L., Sílvia, R., & Luís, T. (2021). Metabolic Phenotypes in Asthmatic Adults: Relationship with Inflammatory and Clinical Phenotypes and Prognostic Implications. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080534
Sharma, V., Helen, R., Louise, M., & Rekha , C. (2023). A Total Diet Replacement Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma Associated With Obesity. CHEST Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.015
Sharma, V., Helen, R., Louise, M., & Rekha, C. (2025). A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity. CHEST Journal, 167(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.09.042
Sharma, V., Helen, R., Louise, M., & Rekha, C. (2025). A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity. CHEST Journal, 167(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.09.042
Sturesson, A., Linnea, H., Caroline , S., Anne , L., Eva , R., & Helena , B. (2023). Obesity associates with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107301
Türk, Y., Willy , T., & Astrid van, H. (2020). Short-term and long-term effect of a high-intensity pulmonary rehabilitation programme in obese patients with asthma: a randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal, 56(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01820-2019
Türk, Y., Willy, T., & Astrid van, H. (2020). Short-term and long-term effect of a high-intensity pulmonary rehabilitation programme in obese patients with asthma: a randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal, 56(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01820-2019
Wang, Y., Beydoun, M., Min, J., Xue, H., Kaminsky, L., & Cheskin , L. (2020). Has the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity levelled off in the United States? Trends, patterns, disparities, and future projections for the obesity epidemic . International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(3), 810–823. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz273
Publicado
2025-07-09
Cómo citar
Ruiz Solis , N. F., Fernández Galarza, A. N., & Cárdenas Chacha, K. G. (2025). Artículo de Revisión: La Relación Obesidad Asma en Adultos Indicaciones para el Manejo y Prevencion. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 9(3), 5801-5818. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i3.18216
Número
Sección
Ciencias de la Salud
Derechos de autor 2025 Nathalia Fernanda Ruiz Solis , Angie Nicol Fernández Galarza, Klever Geovanny Cárdenas Chacha
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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