Taponamiento Cardiaco en el Contexto de las Enfermedades Autoinmunes. Una Revisión de la Literatura
Resumen
Las enfermedades autoinmunes, causadas por la respuesta del sistema inmune contra los propios tejidos, han incrementado su prevalencia en los últimos años, especialmente en mujeres, y están influenciadas por factores genéticos y ambientales. Estas enfermedades pueden causar complicaciones graves, como trastornos cardiovasculares, entre los que destaca el taponamiento cardíaco, una condición infrecuente pero letal. Esta revisión documental analizó la relación entre las enfermedades autoinmunes y el taponamiento cardíaco. Utilizando la metodología PICO, se recopiló información de bases científicas como PubMed y Scielo, seleccionando estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2024. Los resultados demuestran que las enfermedades autoinmunes, particularmente el lupus eritematoso sistémico, provocan procesos inflamatorios que afectan el pericardio, aumentando el riesgo de derrames pericárdicos y, en menor medida, de taponamiento cardíaco. La acumulación de líquido en el pericardio restringe la función cardíaca, comprometiendo la perfusión de órganos vitales y pudiendo llenar a la falla multiorgánica. Aunque el taponamiento cardíaco en enfermedades autoinmunes es una complicación poco frecuente, su diagnóstico temprano y manejo adecuado son fundamentales para prevenir consecuencias graves. La investigación continua sobre la etiopatogenia de este fenómeno es crucial para mejorar su diagnóstico y tratamiento.
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Derechos de autor 2025 María José Balladares Zhunio, Shiu Ana Bau Albarracin Chu, Dayanna Estefanía Colcha Lituma, Arelis Mariel Carrión Abad, Klever Geovanny Cárdenas Chacha
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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