Eficacia de la acupuntura China como terapia integrativa en el manejo de lumbalgia crónica inespecífica en adultos. Revisión bibliográfica
Palabras clave:
acupuntura, medicina tradicional China, manejo del dolor, analgesia por acupuntura
Resumen
La lumbalgia crónica inespecífica afecta al 18% de la población global, caracterizada por dolor persistente superior a 12 semanas sin etiología identificable. Las limitaciones del manejo farmacológico convencional, incluyendo efectos adversos y riesgo de dependencia justifican la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas. Se realizó revisión documental cualitativa mediante formato PICO en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane Library, incluyendo ensayos aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis de los últimos cinco años. Aproximadamente trescientos ensayos controlados demostraron beneficios significativos en reducción del dolor y mejora funcional. Los mecanismos incluyen activación de sistemas de modulación del dolor mediante opioides endógenos y modulación del eje hipotálamo hipofisario suprarrenal, documentados por neuroimagen. La acupuntura está incluida en 79% de guías clínicas internacionales como tercera opción recomendada, con perfil de seguridad favorable y eventos adversos mínimos. Constituye una alternativa efectiva y segura, particularmente valiosa para pacientes que buscan opciones no farmacológicas, posicionándose como componente integral del manejo multidisciplinario basado en evidencia científica.
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Asano, H., Plonka, D., & Weeger, J. (2022). Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medical Acupuncture, 34(2), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2021.0057
Baroncini, A., Maffulli, N., Eschweiler, J., Molsberger, F., Klimuch, A., & Migliorini, F. (2022). Acupuncture in chronic aspecific low back pain: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 17, 319. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-03212-3
Candon, M., Nielsen, A., Dusek, J. A., Spataro Solorzano, S., Cheatle, M., Neuman, M. D., Samitt, C., Shen, S., Werner, R. M., & Mandell, D. (2024). Utilization of Reimbursed Acupuncture Therapy for Low Back Pain. JAMA Network Open, 7(8), e2430906 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.30906
Comachio, J., Oliveira, C. C., Silva, I. F. R., Magalhães, M. O., & Marques, A. P. (2020). Effectiveness of Manual and Electrical Acupuncture for Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 13(3), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2020.03.064
DeBar, L. L., Wellman, R. D., Justice, M., Avins, A. L., Beyrouty, M., Eng, C. M., Herman, P. M., Nielsen, A., Pressman, A., Stone, K. L., Teets, R. Y., & Cook, A. J. (2025). Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults. JAMA Network Open, 8(9), e2531348. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31348
Kim, J.-H., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Park, G.-C., Kang, B.-K., Kim, A.-R., Kim, J., Nam, D., & Hong, Y. (2023). Safety and efficacy of 650 nm invasive laser acupuncture on non-specific chronic low back pain: A protocol for a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1021255. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1021255
Lai, P., Cheng, S., Chen, X., Cheng, F., Cheng, J., Xin, M., Zhu, D., Li, Z., Wu, X., & Zeng, F. (2024). The Emotion Regulation of Acupuncture in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Neuroimaging Protocol. Journal of Pain Research, 17, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S450589
Lee, B., Kwon, C.-Y., Lee, H. W., Nielsen, A., Wieland, L. S., Kim, T.-H., Birch, S., Alraek, T., & Lee, M. S. (2023). Needling Point Location Used in Sham Acupuncture for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. JAMA Network Open, 6(9), e2332452. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.32452
Li, W., Gong, Y., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Tang, H., Qin, S., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Xu, Z., & Chen, B. (2021). Peripheral and Central Pathological Mechanisms of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review. Journal of Pain Research, 14, 1483-1494. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S306280
Li, X., Zhai, G., Zhang, H., Li, X., Wu, M., Zhang, S., Cui, J., Tang, Z., & Hu, Z. (2024). Clinical efficacy of acupuncture therapy combined with core muscle exercises in treating patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1372748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1372748
Lin, J.-G., Kotha, P., & Chen, Y.-H. (2022). Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms. American Journal of Translational Research, 14(3), 1469-1481.
Luo, Q., Yang, C., Huang, L., Guixing, X., Hao, T., Sun, M., & Liang, F. (2023). Dose-response relationship between acupuncture time parameters and the effects on chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open, 13(10), e071554. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071554
Mu, J., Furlan, A. D., Lam, W. Y., Hsu, M. Y., Ning, Z., & Lao, L. (2020). Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(12), CD013814. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013814
Nielsen, A., Ocker, L., Majd, I., Draisin, J. A., Taromina, K., Maggenti, M. T., Long, J., Nolting, M., & Sherman, K. J. (2021). Acupuncture Intervention Protocol: Consensus Process for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults: An NIH HEAL Initiative Funded Project. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 10, 21649561211007091. https://doi.org/10.1177/21649561211007091
Ping, X., Xie, J., Yuan, C., & Jin, X. (2023). Electroacupuncture Induces Bilateral S1 and ACC Epigenetic Regulation of Genes in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines, 11(4), 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041030
Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P., Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., Boyd, K. A., Craig, N., French, D. P., McIntosh, E., Petticrew, M., Rycroft-Malone, J., White, M., & Moore, L. (2021). A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ, 374, n2061. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2061
Wang, P. Z., Pressman, A., Sanchez, G., Aparicio, C., Nielsen, A., & Avins, A. (2024). Prior acupuncture experience among elderly participants enrolled in a clinical trial of acupuncture for chronic low back pain: Implications for future trials. Integrative Medicine Research, 13(2), 101042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2024.101042
Yang, E., Lu, W., Napadow, V., & Wayne, P. M. (2024). Clinical and Research Implications of a Cochrane Systematic Review of Acupuncture for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health, 13, 27536130241261161. https://doi.org/10.1177/27536130241261161
Yu, H., Wang, D., Verville, L., Southerst, D., Bussières, A., Gross, D. P., Pereira, P., Mior, S., Tricco, A. C., Cedraschi, C., Brunton, G., Nordin, M., Shearer, H. M., Wong, J. J., Connell, G., Myrtos, D., da Silva-Oolup, S., Young, J. J., Funabashi, M., … Cancelliere, C. (2023). Systematic Review to Inform a World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Practice Guideline: Benefits and Harms of Needling Therapies for Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 33(4), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-023-10125-3
Zhang, K., Lin, X., Liu, Z., Fu, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Zhang, F., Wang, X., & Dong, B. (2024). Therapeutic effects of different acupuncture methods on chronic nonspecific low back pain: A network meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 19, 615. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05118-8
Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. (2020). Acupuncture and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. Current rheumatology reports, 22(11), 80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-020-00954-z
Zhong, G., Yin, X., Li, J., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Acupoint catgut embedding for chronic low back pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 101(52), e32409. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000032409
Zhou, J., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Wu, M., Jiao, Y., & He, liyun. (2022). Efficacy Analysis of the Reinforcing and Circulation-Promoting Protocol of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Treatment of Twenty-Four Patients with Refractory Chronic Low Back Pain. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022, 8734207. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8734207
Zhou, T., Salman, D., & McGregor, Alison. H. (2024). Recent clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain: A global comparison. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 25(1), 344. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-024-07468-0
Baroncini, A., Maffulli, N., Eschweiler, J., Molsberger, F., Klimuch, A., & Migliorini, F. (2022). Acupuncture in chronic aspecific low back pain: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 17, 319. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-03212-3
Candon, M., Nielsen, A., Dusek, J. A., Spataro Solorzano, S., Cheatle, M., Neuman, M. D., Samitt, C., Shen, S., Werner, R. M., & Mandell, D. (2024). Utilization of Reimbursed Acupuncture Therapy for Low Back Pain. JAMA Network Open, 7(8), e2430906 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.30906
Comachio, J., Oliveira, C. C., Silva, I. F. R., Magalhães, M. O., & Marques, A. P. (2020). Effectiveness of Manual and Electrical Acupuncture for Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 13(3), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2020.03.064
DeBar, L. L., Wellman, R. D., Justice, M., Avins, A. L., Beyrouty, M., Eng, C. M., Herman, P. M., Nielsen, A., Pressman, A., Stone, K. L., Teets, R. Y., & Cook, A. J. (2025). Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults. JAMA Network Open, 8(9), e2531348. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31348
Kim, J.-H., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Park, G.-C., Kang, B.-K., Kim, A.-R., Kim, J., Nam, D., & Hong, Y. (2023). Safety and efficacy of 650 nm invasive laser acupuncture on non-specific chronic low back pain: A protocol for a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1021255. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1021255
Lai, P., Cheng, S., Chen, X., Cheng, F., Cheng, J., Xin, M., Zhu, D., Li, Z., Wu, X., & Zeng, F. (2024). The Emotion Regulation of Acupuncture in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Neuroimaging Protocol. Journal of Pain Research, 17, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S450589
Lee, B., Kwon, C.-Y., Lee, H. W., Nielsen, A., Wieland, L. S., Kim, T.-H., Birch, S., Alraek, T., & Lee, M. S. (2023). Needling Point Location Used in Sham Acupuncture for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. JAMA Network Open, 6(9), e2332452. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.32452
Li, W., Gong, Y., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Tang, H., Qin, S., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Xu, Z., & Chen, B. (2021). Peripheral and Central Pathological Mechanisms of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review. Journal of Pain Research, 14, 1483-1494. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S306280
Li, X., Zhai, G., Zhang, H., Li, X., Wu, M., Zhang, S., Cui, J., Tang, Z., & Hu, Z. (2024). Clinical efficacy of acupuncture therapy combined with core muscle exercises in treating patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1372748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1372748
Lin, J.-G., Kotha, P., & Chen, Y.-H. (2022). Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms. American Journal of Translational Research, 14(3), 1469-1481.
Luo, Q., Yang, C., Huang, L., Guixing, X., Hao, T., Sun, M., & Liang, F. (2023). Dose-response relationship between acupuncture time parameters and the effects on chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open, 13(10), e071554. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071554
Mu, J., Furlan, A. D., Lam, W. Y., Hsu, M. Y., Ning, Z., & Lao, L. (2020). Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(12), CD013814. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013814
Nielsen, A., Ocker, L., Majd, I., Draisin, J. A., Taromina, K., Maggenti, M. T., Long, J., Nolting, M., & Sherman, K. J. (2021). Acupuncture Intervention Protocol: Consensus Process for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults: An NIH HEAL Initiative Funded Project. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 10, 21649561211007091. https://doi.org/10.1177/21649561211007091
Ping, X., Xie, J., Yuan, C., & Jin, X. (2023). Electroacupuncture Induces Bilateral S1 and ACC Epigenetic Regulation of Genes in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines, 11(4), 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041030
Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P., Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., Boyd, K. A., Craig, N., French, D. P., McIntosh, E., Petticrew, M., Rycroft-Malone, J., White, M., & Moore, L. (2021). A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ, 374, n2061. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2061
Wang, P. Z., Pressman, A., Sanchez, G., Aparicio, C., Nielsen, A., & Avins, A. (2024). Prior acupuncture experience among elderly participants enrolled in a clinical trial of acupuncture for chronic low back pain: Implications for future trials. Integrative Medicine Research, 13(2), 101042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2024.101042
Yang, E., Lu, W., Napadow, V., & Wayne, P. M. (2024). Clinical and Research Implications of a Cochrane Systematic Review of Acupuncture for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health, 13, 27536130241261161. https://doi.org/10.1177/27536130241261161
Yu, H., Wang, D., Verville, L., Southerst, D., Bussières, A., Gross, D. P., Pereira, P., Mior, S., Tricco, A. C., Cedraschi, C., Brunton, G., Nordin, M., Shearer, H. M., Wong, J. J., Connell, G., Myrtos, D., da Silva-Oolup, S., Young, J. J., Funabashi, M., … Cancelliere, C. (2023). Systematic Review to Inform a World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Practice Guideline: Benefits and Harms of Needling Therapies for Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 33(4), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-023-10125-3
Zhang, K., Lin, X., Liu, Z., Fu, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Zhang, F., Wang, X., & Dong, B. (2024). Therapeutic effects of different acupuncture methods on chronic nonspecific low back pain: A network meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 19, 615. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05118-8
Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. (2020). Acupuncture and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. Current rheumatology reports, 22(11), 80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-020-00954-z
Zhong, G., Yin, X., Li, J., Li, X., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Acupoint catgut embedding for chronic low back pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 101(52), e32409. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000032409
Zhou, J., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Wu, M., Jiao, Y., & He, liyun. (2022). Efficacy Analysis of the Reinforcing and Circulation-Promoting Protocol of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Treatment of Twenty-Four Patients with Refractory Chronic Low Back Pain. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022, 8734207. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8734207
Zhou, T., Salman, D., & McGregor, Alison. H. (2024). Recent clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain: A global comparison. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 25(1), 344. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-024-07468-0
Publicado
2026-05-05
Cómo citar
Valdez Aguilar, M. P., Balladares Zhunio, M. J., & Chú Lee, A. J. (2026). Eficacia de la acupuntura China como terapia integrativa en el manejo de lumbalgia crónica inespecífica en adultos. Revisión bibliográfica. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 10(2), 5639 - 5656. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v10i2.23583
Número
Sección
Ciencias de la Salud
Derechos de autor 2026 Milena Pauleth Valdez Aguilar, María José Balladares Zhunio, Angel Jose Chú Lee
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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