Zonas Azules y longevidad centenaria en México y el mundo: Una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de investigaciones publicadas entre 2015 y 2025 sobre los factores asociados a la longevidad centenaria en humanos, con énfasis en las denominadas Zonas Azules (Okinawa, Cerdeña, Nicoya, Ikaria y Loma Linda) y estudios relevantes de México. A través de una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, se identificaron 402 artículos, de los cuales 27 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión definidos por la metodología PRISMA. Los estudios seleccionados se organizaron en cuatro categorías temáticas; estilo de vida y actividad física, dieta y nutrición, redes sociales y espiritualidad, e influencia genética y epigenética. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de una vida físicamente activa integrada a la rutina diaria, una dieta basada en plantas con restricción calórica moderada, redes familiares y comunitarias sólidas, y prácticas espirituales regulares como elementos comunes en las poblaciones longevas. Asimismo, si bien los factores genéticos (como los genes APOE ε2 y FOXO3A) ofrecen una base biológica, su expresión está condicionada por factores epigenéticos modulables por el entorno y el estilo de vida. Se concluye que la longevidad saludable es un fenómeno multifactorial y contextual, cuyas implicaciones pueden orientar políticas públicas para un envejecimiento activo y digno en México y en el mundo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alexa Adanae Quiroz Melendez , Arturo López Bravo, Donovan Casas Patiño, Juliette Gamboa Castro, Leslie Suzet Parra Rivera
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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