Revisión sistemática sobre el uso de dispositivos ortopédicos en pacientes adultos con pie plano
Resumen
Introducción: El pie plano se caracteriza por la caída del arco longitudinal medial, eversión del retropié y abducción del antepié cargado. Además, el pie plano provoca una variedad de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en las extremidades inferiores, como dolor en la rodilla o la cadera. El tratamiento conservador estándar para la deformidad del pie plano es la terapia de ejercicios o el tratamiento con ortesis de pie. Las ortesis de pie se recetan para diversas afecciones de los pies. Sin embargo, la evidencia para la provisión de ortesis de pie es inconsistente. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es sintetizar la evidencia de las ortesis de pie para adultos con pie plano.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda computarizada en Mayo de 2022, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Pedro, Cochrane Library y Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Se incluyeron estudios de intervención de cualquier diseño que investigaran los efectos de las ortesis en pie plano, además de los estudios de casos.
Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 110 estudios a través de la búsqueda en la base de datos. 12 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se incluyeron en la revisión. Estos estudios investigaron ortesis de pie prefabricadas y hechas a medida, evaluando la postura y la presión plantar durante la marcha.
Conclusión: Hay una falta de evidencia sobre el efecto de las ortesis de pie para el pie plano en adultos. Esta revisión ilustra la importancia de realizar ensayos controlados aleatorios y el desarrollo integral de pautas para la prescripción de ortesis en pie plano. Dada la débil evidencia disponible, la prescripción común de ortesis de pie es algo sorprendente pese a que no existe literatura ni estudios que avalen su uso.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Diana Marcela Villamizar Olarte ;Luis Andrés Dulcey Sarmiento;Juan Sebastián Theran León ;Estephania Saenz Sandoval;Luis Carlos Solano Díaz ;Nicolas Merchan Zafra ;Silvia Nathaly Hernandez Palencia
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