Infarto agudo de miocardio y angina sin lesiones coronarias obstructivas minoca-anoca, implicaciones pronosticas y terapéuticas de una compleja entidad
Resumen
El infarto de miocardio sin lesiones en arterias coronarias obstructivas y la angina sin lesiones obstructivas, son entidades clínicas desconcertantes que se caracterizan por evidencia clínica de angina o infarto de miocardio con arterias coronarias normales o casi normales en la angiografía (estenosis <50%). Se realizo una revision bibliografica sobre la etiologia, clasificacion y mecanismos responsables de estas entidades. Los metodos de selección de los articulos se basaron en la literatura medica generada al respecto desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2022 a traves de pubmed, se incluyeron todos los metanalisis, estudios aleatorizados controlados, revisiones, estudios experimentales en pacientes mayores de 18 años, excluyendose aquellos que no cumplieran con los criterios de seleccion. La patogenia precisa no se comprende bien y se está estudiando y examinando más a fondo. Las guías indican que MINOCA o ANOCA son un grupo de enfermedades heterogéneas con diferentes mecanismos fisiopatologicos. Dado que existen múltiples mecanismos implicados, no es seguro que la prevención secundaria clásica y la estrategia de tratamiento para la enfermedad arterial coronaria obstructiva sea óptima para estos pacientes. La utilizacion de la tomografia de coherencia optica, la resonancia magnetica cardiaca y el ultrasonido intravascular se han planteado como estudios de estratificacion Siguen siendo muchas las dudas sobre la fisiopatologia, pronostico, estudios a posteriori tras el cateterismo cardiacos asi como conductas terapeuticas optimas. Dentro del manejo terapeutico se han descrito los farmacos anti agregantes, betabloqueantes, calcio antagonistas y los hipolipemiantes. Seran los proximos estudios con grandes cohortes de pacientes las que permitan responder adecuadamente al disponerse de evidencia cientifica de alta relevancia al respecto.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Juan Sebastián Theran León ;Karen Vanessa Oliveros Araujo ;Elkin Javier Pardo Aparicio ;Daniel Jesús Gil Sierra;Karen Paola Colmenares Carrero
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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